Free and Open Source Software - Definition, Types, Features, Examples

Free and Open Source Software -

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE & APPLICATION SOFTWARE Dr. Lavina Dominic Associate Professor St. Thomas College of Teacher Education Pala, Kottayam , Kerala

2. SYSTEM SOFTWARE A computer program designed to run a computer's hardware and application programs A software  designed to provide a platform for other software  The operating   system  is the best-known example of  system software . For example –   macOS (proprietary operating system for Apple’s Macintosh computers) ,  Linux (open source operating system) ,  Android  (mobile operating system) Microsoft Windows (proprietary operating system )

3. SYSTEM SOFTWARE OPERATING SYSTEM

4. APPLICATION SOFTWARE (APPS) C omputing  software  designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself T ypically to be used by end-users

5. APPLICATION SOFTWARE (APPS)

6. PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE & OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

7. PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE Proprietary software , also known as  non- free software   or  closed-source software Computer software for which the software's publisher or another person reserves some rights from licensees to use, modify, share modifications, or share the software Source code not published It sometimes includes  patent  rights. Example : Microsoft Word, Power Point

8. EXAMPLES OF PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE

9. OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE Open source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify, and enhance. " Source code " - code which computer programmers can manipulate to change how a piece of software—a "program" or "application"—works Programmers who have access to a computer program's source code can improve that program by adding features to it or fixing parts that don't always work correctly.

10. EXAMPLES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

11. CLOSED & OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

12. FREE SOFTWARE & PAID SOFTWARE

13. FREE SOFTWARE Free software  (or  libre software) is  computer software  distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions. Free software is a matter of  liberty , not price All users are legally free to do what they want with their copies of a free software (including profiting from them) regardless of how much is paid to obtain the program Computer programs are deemed "free" if they give end-users (not just the developer) ultimate control over the software and, subsequently, over their devices

14. PAID SOFTWARE Software that is developed for a profit . For example, Windows is a paid operating system, while macOS is free. The reason is that Apple makes a profit on its Mac computer hardware. macOS runs only in Mac computers. W hereas Windows runs on numerous non-Microsoft PC brands. Microsoft Office for Windows and Mac is paid, while LibreOffice for Linux is free. 

15. RICHARD STALLMAN (BORN ON MARCH 6, 1953) A n American  free software movement  activist and  programmer C ampaigns for free software Stallman launched the  GNU Project , to create a Unix like computer  operating system  composed entirely of free software Pioneered the concept of  copyleft , which uses the principles of copyright law to preserve the right to use, modify, and distribute free software,

16. GNU MASCOT -   Head of an anthropomorphic wildebeest called Gnu Full form of GNU  is - GNU  not Unix UNIX - oldest operating system – 1960s Used for Main Frame computers (used by large organisations for critical applications like bulk data processing tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, etc. Micro computers – e.g. Personal Computer (brand name of IBM’s Personal Computer) only came later

17. LINUS TORVALDS (BORN 1969) A Finnish-American software engineer C reator and, historically, the main developer of the  Linux kernel , used by  Linux distributions  and other operating systems such as  Android Kernel -   kernel  is a computer program at the core of a computer's  operating system  that has complete control over everything in the  system . It is the "portion of the  operating system  code that is always resident in memory"

18. TUX   Tux  is a  penguin  character and the official  brand character  of the  Linux kernel