Freshwater ecosystem

in this power point i have given the overview of freshwater ecosystem and covered mainly three type of ecosystem i.e lentic ecosystem, lotic ecosystem and wetlands.

1. FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM Presented By : - Sushant Vashisht Application No. : - 02f16705e44e11e98daa4def2eea1491 Email : - [email protected] Course name : - Academic writing

2. Content : Introduction. Types of freshwater ecosystem. Lentic ecosystem. Lotic ecosystem. Wetlands ecosystem.

3. Introduction: A freshwater ecosystem is an aquatic system that contains drinkable water or water of almost no salty contents. It has habitats classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, and vegetation. Its resources includes lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, reservoirs, wetlands as well as groundwater.

4. Types of freshwater ecosystem Freshwater habitats may be conveniently considered in 3 groups as follows: Lentic ecosystem ( Lakes and Ponds). Lotic ecosystem (Springs, Streams and Rivers). Wetlands (Swamps and Marshes).

5. Lentic ecosystem: - Life span of this ecosystem ranges from few weeks to months for seasonal bodies and several hundred years for lakes/ponds. Species diversity is also low in freshwater as compared to marine ecosystem. Zones and stratification: Littoral zone Limnetic zone Profundal zone Benthic zone www.ourbc.com

6. Types of lake Oligotrophic lake Eutrophic lake www.eschooltoday.com

7. Lotic ecosystem The ecosystem of a river, stream or spring. Lotic refers to flowing water. Zone in stream : - Rapid zone : - Rapids are areas of shallow, fast-flowing water in a stream and this zone is occupied by some fish which flows against the current(example:-Trout). Pool zone : - where velocity of current is reduced to settle sand/slit.

8. Rapid zone Pool zone www.britannica.com

9. Wetlands Wetland is an area where the soil remains either waterlogged or submerged under shallow water for a long period – from several weeks to whole year. Wetlands generally includes swamps, marshes, bog and similar areas. Periodicity of water- level fluctuates with times.

10. Types of wetlands: Riverine wetlands : -These are located in low- lying depression and are most productive in natural ecosystem. Lacustrine wetlands : -These are associated with lakes, ponds and dammed river channels. Palustrine wetlands : - It includes Marches, bog, fen, wet prairies occurs in depression not directly connected with lakes. Fen wetlands : - These are slightly acidic dominated by sedges Bog wetlands : - These are very acidic dominated by sphagnum moss. Characterized by accumulation of peat.

11. Riverine wetlands: Riverine wetlands are the most productive. Ocean-derived salinity is less than 0.5 part per thousand. Wetlands within river and stream channels. Bog wetlands: It is characterized by wet, spongy, poorly drained peaty soil. It is very acidic in nature due to algal growth. They cover vast areas in the tundra and boreal forest regions of Canada. www.ourbc.com

12. Plastic- eating bacteria discovered Researchers at Shiv Nadar University have discovered two strains of plastic eating bacteria from the wetlands of greater Noida. The bacterial species are :- Exiguobacterium sibiricum strain DR11 Exiguobacterium undae strain DR14 https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/noida-researchers-discover-plastic-eating-bacteria-and-it-s-good-news-for-tackling-plastic-waste-377709.html

13. Reference : Eugene P.ODUM, Gray W. Barrett ;Fundamentals of ecology P.D. Sharma ; Ecology and environment. www.britannica.com/science/bog-wetland . www.wsj.com/articles/new-species-of-bacteria-eats-plastic-1457636401 www.indiatimes.com/news/india/noida-researchers-discover-plastic-eating-bacteria-and-it-s-good-news-for-tackling-plastic-waste-377709.html

14. Acknowledgement: - I am very thankful to the whole team of academic writing that provided me the important and basic knowledge of writing review paper, research articles etc.