Fuel cells the cell which is more efficient.pptx

this is a complete ppt on fuel cells, how fuel cells are more efficient than traditional cells

1. - FUEL CELL - SMART GRID 5 th semester -19EE50E03T SUBJECT :-

2. INTRODUCTION :- A Fuel Cell is a device that converts the Chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another Oxidizing agent. Fuel cells are different from batteries in that they require a continuous source of fuel and oxygen/air to sustain the chemical reaction.

3. Fuel cells are used for primary and backup power for commercial, industrial and residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible areas. They are also used to power fuel-cell vehicles, including automobiles, buses, boats, motorcycles and submarines There are many types of fuel cells, but they all consist of an anode a cathode  and an electrolyte that allows charges to move between the two sides of the fuel cell.

4. Operation of FUEL CELL Electrolyte: Fuel cells contain an electrolyte, a material that allows ions (charged particles) to move between the anode and cathode while preventing the flow of electrons. Anode: The anode is the electrode where the fuel is oxidized. In a hydrogen fuel cell, hydrogen molecules (H2) are split into protons (H+) and electrons (e-) at the anode.

5. Cathode: The cathode is the electrode where the oxidizing agent is reduced. At the cathode, oxygen molecules (O2) combine with protons and electrons from the external circuit to form water (H2O). Electrons and Current: Electrons generated at the anode flow through an external electrical circuit, creating an electric current that can be used to power electrical devices. Anode: H2 → 2H+ + 2e- Cathode: ½O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → H2O Overall Reaction: H2 + ½O2 → H2O

6. TYPES OF FUEL CELLS :- Several types of fuel cells are integrated into smart grid systems:- Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs) Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) Reversible Fuel Cells(RFCs) Etc.

7. Advantages of fuel cells:- High Efficiency Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduced Air Pollution Versatility Quiet Operation

8. Challenges of using fuel cells:- Hydrogen Infrastructure: One of the most significant challenges is the lack of a widespread hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen Production: Producing hydrogen in a sustainable and cost-effective manner remains a challenge. Most hydrogen is currently produced from fossil fuels, which can result in greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen Storage: Hydrogen has a low volumetric energy density, which means it requires large tanks or specialized storage solutions to store an adequate amount for practical use. Efficiency Variability: The efficiency of fuel cells can vary depending on the type of fuel cell, operating conditions, and load. Optimizing and maintaining efficiency across different applications can be challenging.

9. Key applications of fuel cells:- Transportation: Stationary Power Generation: Portable and Mobile Power: Space Exploration: Grid Support: Military Applications:

10. Transportation:- Automobiles: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are being developed by several automakers as an alternative to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.

11. Stationary Power Generation :- Backup Power: Fuel cells can provide reliable backup power for critical facilities like data centers, hospitals, and emergency response centers. Combined Heat and Power (CHP): Fuel cells can be used in CHP systems to simultaneously generate electricity and heat for residential, commercial, and industrial applications, improving overall energy efficiency.

12. Portable and mobile Power :- Portable Electronics: Miniature fuel cells are used to power portable electronic devices like laptops, smartphones, and camping equipment.Drones Hydrogen fuel cells are employed in drones to extend flight times and reduce environmental impact compared to traditional batteries.

13. Space exploration:- Fuel cells have a long history of use in space missions. They have provided electrical power and drinking water for astronauts aboard spacecraft and space stations.

14. Grid support:- Fuel cells can be integrated into the electrical grid to provide peak power, load leveling, and support for renewable energy integration. military application:- Soldier Power: Portable fuel cells can supply power to soldiers in the field, reducing the need for heavy batteries. Military Vehicles: Fuel cell technology is being explored for military vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles due to its low heat signature and reduced emissions.