Fuel from plastic waste

This is a presentation on fuel from plastic waste mainly for mechanical engineering or for environmentalist.

1. WEALTH FROM WASTE – FUEL FROM PLASTIC WASTE BY M.KRITHIKA III YEAR - EEE

2. SCOPE OF CONVERSION OF PLASTICS INTO FUEL In this scenario, my presentation aims to solve the twin problem of environment pollution due to plastic and the need for an alternative fuel source. The main aim is to find a solution to the mountings problem of plastic disposal, for which the plastics are converted into valuable fuel.

3. PLASTICS Plastics are non-degradable polymers mostly containing carbon, hydrogen and few others elements such as chlorine, nitrogen etc.

4. DEMAND FOR FUEL The present rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving of fossil energy like crude oil, gas or coal. Thus mankind has to rely on the alternate/renewable energy sources like biomass, hydropower, geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, etc .

5. WASTE PLASTICS Waste plastics are one of the most promising resources for fuel production because of its high heat of combustion and due to the increasing availability in local communities . The conversion methods of waste plastics into fuel depend on the types of plastics to be targeted and the properties of other wastes that might be used in the process.

6. PYROLYSIS Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation of plastics in the absence of oxygen.

7. PRINCIPLE OF PYROLYSIS When the long chain of plastic polymers breaks at certain points or when lower molecular weight fractions are formed it is termed as depolymerisation. In the process of conversion of plastics into fuel, random depolymerisation is carried out in a specially designed reactor in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of coal and catalytic additives. There is total conversion of waste plastics into value added fuel products.

8. CATALYTIC CRACKER Catalytic cracking is the breaking of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits. The cracker must be designed in such a way that the vapour from the reactor must have maximum surface contact with the catalyst. The catalyst will act as a molecular sieve which permits the passage of small molecules. The hydrocarbon molecules are broken up in a fairly random way to produce mixtures of smaller hydrocarbons, some of which have carbon-carbon double bonds.

9. REACTOR DEVICES USED IN THE PROCESS

10. 2. CONDENSER

11. CONVERSION OF PLASTIC INTO FUEL The entire process is undertaken in a closed reactor vessel followed by condensation process. Waste plastics while heating up to 2700 to 3000 degree Celsius convert into liquid-vapour state, which is collected in condensation chamber in the form of liquid fuel. The organic gas which is generated can be used in dual fuel diesel generator set for generation of electricity. The slurry liquid waste is topped down from the heating reactor vessel.

12. APPLICATIONS