Functional groups and haloalkanes power point presentation

Power point presentation regarding the fundamental understanding of the functional group.

1. 1
Haloalkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
Functional Groups
Haloalkanes

2. 2
Functional Groups
Part of an organic molecule where
chemical reactions take place
Composed of an atom or group of atoms
Replace a H in the corresponding alkane
Provide a way to classify organic
compounds

3. 3
Some Types of Functional Groups
Haloalkane -F, -Cl, -Br CH
3
Cl
Alcohol -OH CH
3
OH
Ether -O- CH
3
-O-CH
3
Aldehyde
Ketone
C
O
CH
3CH
O
CH
O
CH
3CCH
3
O

4. 4
More Functional Groups
Carboxylic acid -COOH CH
3
COOH
Ester -COO- CH
3
COOCH
3
Amine -NH
2
CH
3
NH
2
Amide -CONH
2
CH
3
CONH
2

5. 5
Haloalkanes
An alkane in which one or more H atoms is
replaced with a halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I)
CH
3
Br 1-bromomethane
Br (methyl bromide)
CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
3
2-bromobutane
Cl
chlorocyclobutane

6. 6
Learning Check HA1
Name the following:
Br
Cl
Cl

7. 7
Solution HA1
Name the following:
bromocyclopentane
1,3-dichlorocyclohexane
Br
Cl
Cl

8. 8
Substituents
List other attached atoms or group in
alphabetical order
Br = bromo, Cl = chloro
Cl Br
CH
3
CHCH
2
CHCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
4-bromo-2-chloroheptane

9. 9
Learning Check HA2
The name of this compound is:
Cl

CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
2
CHCH
3
1) 2,4-dimethylhexane
2) 3-chloro-5-methylhexane
3) 4-chloro-2-methylhexane

10. 10
Solution HA2
The name of this compound is:
Cl

CH
3
CH
3
CH
2
CHCH
2
CHCH
3
3) 4-chloro-2-methylhexane

11. 11
Haloalkanes as Anesthetics
Halothane (Fluothane)
F Cl
F C C Br
F H
Fluothane is a haloalkane that is widely used
as an anesthetic, which is a compound that
decreases the ability of the nerve cells to
conduct pain.

12. 12
Ozone Layer
Ozone layer
Stratosphere
(10-30 miles
Above Earth)

13. 13
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs
and the Ozone Layer
ozone O
3
layer absorbs most of the
sun’s harmful radiation.
CFCs - chlorofluorocarbons - are
depleting that ozone layer.
CFCs are used as Freons in
refrigeration,
air conditioning, and foam insulation.
Their use in spray cans is no longer
allowed.

14. 14
Chlorofuorocarbons and the
Ozone Layer
In the stratosphere, the CFCs react with
the high-energy UV radiation from the sun
UV light
CF
2
Cl
2
CF
2
Cl· + Cl·
Freon-12 free radical

15. 15
Chlorofuorocarbons and the
Ozone Layer
To become stable, the Cl· acquires an electron
from ozone O
3
and produces ClO.
Cl· + O
3
ClO + O
2
The presence of ClO in the atmosphere is an
indicator of the disappearance of ozone.

16. 16
Impact of Loss of Ozone Layer
According to the National Academy of
Sciences, each 1% loss of ozone increases
by 2% the amount of UV radiation reaching
the earth. More UV radiation means more
skin cancer and cataracts in humans, more
intense photochemical smog, and lower crop
yields.

17. Explore chemistry! Explore
life!!
17