functions of micronutrients.pptx

Functions of Micronutrients

1. PRESENTAION ON           FUNCTIONS OF                 MICRONUTRENTS BY, Maria Stephen 3rd year BSc  Nursing Coimbatore

2. OUTLINE Nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients Vitamins Water-Soluble Vitamins Fat soluble vitamins Minerals Major Minerals Trace minerals Vitamins and minerals present in breast milk

3. WHAT IS NUTRIENTS ? A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth.

4. MACRONUTRIENTS Macronutrients are nutrients that provide calories or energy and are required in large amounts to maintain body functions and carry out the activities of daily life.

5. MICRONUTRIENTS Micronutrients  are one of the major groups of nutrients for our body needs. VITAMINS MINERALS

6. Vitamins defined as organic compounds occurring in small quantities in different natural foods and necessary for growth and maintenance of good health . Vitamins  are organic compounds that people need in small quantities. Most  vitamins  need to come from food because the body either does not produce them or produces very little.

7. VITAMINS Water-Soluble Fat-Soluble

8. WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS Dissolve easily in water readily excreted from the body.

9. Vitamin B1 Thiamine , also known as  thiamine  or  vitamin B 1 , is a  vitamin  found in food and manufactured as a  dietary supplement  and  medication .

10. Functions of B1 Normal function of the nervous system The production of energy from food Synthesis of nucleic acid Normal function of heart Conduction of nerve impulses Normal psychological functions Maintain muscle tone in the digestive tract Improve brain function by acting as a neurotransmitters 

11. Vitamin B2 Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B₂, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement

12. Functions of Vitamin B2 Maintaining the mucous membranes in the digestive system Healthy eyes,nerves,muscle and skin The maintenance of normal red blood cells Convert food (carbohydrates) in to glucose Convert vitamin B6 and B9 into active forms The reduction of tiredness and fatigue

13. Vitamin B3 Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B₃, an essential human nutrient. It can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan. 

14. Functions of Vitamin B3 Increases HDL cholesterol  Lowers Triglycerides  Lowers LDL Cholesterol  May help prevent Heart disease  May help treat Type 1 Diabetes  Boosts bran functions  Improves skin function May reduce symptoms of Arthritis  Treats Pellagra

15. Vitamin B6 Vitamin B₆ is one of the B vitamins, and thus an essential nutrient. The term refers to a group of chemically similar compounds, "vitamers", which can be interconverted in biological systems. 

16. Functions of Vitamin B6 Improve mood Promote Brain Health Prevent and Treat Anemia Be Useful in Treating Symptoms of Premenstrual syndrome Help Treat Nausea During Pregnancy Reduce risk of Heart Disease Help Prevent Cancer Promote Eye Health

17. Vitamin B9 Folate, also known as vitamin B₉ and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and storage.

18. Functions Of Vitamin B9 Helps tissues grow and cells work. Works with vitamin B12 and vitamin C to help the body break down, use, and create new proteins. Helps to form red blood cells Helps produce DNA Prevents Neural tube defects,Heart dseases,Colon cancer. Needed to release energy from amnoacides.

19. Vitamin B12 Vitamin B₁₂, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. It is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism Naturally occuring organometallic compound It is the only vitamin that contain metal It is synthesised by microorganism

20. Functions of vitamin B12 keeps the healthy function of our brains and nervous system Helps to form Red Blood Cells Helps to form genetical materals.(RNA&DNA) Helps to balance the level of homocystiene in the blood It is needed in general somatic cell metabolism Important role in the metabolism of fatty acid and aliphatic acid It is needed for the mylenation of the nerves

21. Vitamin C Vitamin C is a vitamin found in various foods and sold as a dietary supplement. It is used to prevent and treat scurvy. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient involved in the repair of tissue and the enzymatic production of certain neurotransmitters.

22. Functions of Vitamin C Helps the body to make collagen Needed for the growth and repair of tissues Needed for healing wounds and for repairing and maintaing bones and teeth Act as antioxidents Helps in the synthesis of cortco-steroid hormone Prevents Scurvy Enhances the absorption of iorn

23. Vitamin H Vitamin H, more commonly known as biotin, is part of the B complex group of vitamins. All B vitamins help the body to convert food (carbohydrates) into fuel (glucose), which is used to produce energy. These B vitamins, often referred to as B complex vitamins, also help the body metabolize fats and protein.

24. Functions of Vitamin H/B7 Preventing oxidative damage Strengthening the hair from the root to the tips Improving nail quality Controlling the release of insuli Improving the cognitive functioning of the brain Reduces muscle cramps and pain during dialysis It is also beneficial for improving vision Promoting the health of the baby in pregnant women and even after birth.

25. Why they are called as fat soluble vitamins? It is soluble  in organic solvents and are absorbed and transported in a manner similar to that of  fats . Examples of fat soluble vitamins are Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K

26. Vitamin A Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, and several provitamin A carotenoids. 

27. Functions of Vitamin A Essential for vision Role in reproduction and growth Leads to the maintenance of epithelial cells It enhance immunity to infection It causes stabilization of cellular and intracellular membrane Helps in synthesis of glyco proteins It is also important for the embryonic development and the regulation of adult genes

28. Vitamin D Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and many other biological effects. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D₃ and vitamin D₂

29. Functions of vitamin D Essential for Strong bones and teeth Improves heart function Enhances brain development Provides anticancer effects Strengthens muscular function Strengthens the immune system Increase Intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.

30. Vitamin E Vitamin E is a group of eight fat soluble compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.

31. Functions of vitamin E Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation Maintenance of normal endothelial cell function Regulation of enzymes,transcription,factors and receptors Inhibit platelets aggregation Enhances vasodilation Protect the fat in LDL from oxidation

32. Vitamin k Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements

33. Functions of vitamin K It has role in immune functioning and produces energy It acts as Antioxidants Helps in blood clotting Helps in absorption of Calcium in bones Necessary for formation of prothrombin Essential for normal liver functioning Helps in reducing excessive menstrual flow

34. In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life

35. Minerals Major Minerals Trace Minerals

36. Major Minerals The  major minerals , which are used and stored in large quantities in the body. They are: Sodium Chloride Potassium Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Sulphur

37. Sodium Helps in cell uptake nutrients and water Helps muscles to contract Encourage our nerves to carry messages between the brain and the body Balance body fluids and regulate blood pressure

38. Chloride Balance body fluids and regulate blood pressure  Helps the cells to take in and out nutrients and water  Helps to muscle contract Helps to digest foods Oxygenation of our bodies Maintain water distribution,Osmotic pressure, Anion-cation balance, Maintains electrical neutrality

39. Mineral Function Sources Calcium Important for healthy bones and teeth; helps muscles relax and contract; important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health Milk and milk products; canned fish with bones (salmon, sardines); fortified tofu and fortified soy milk; greens (broccoli, mustard greens); legumes Phosphorus Important for healthy bones and teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, processed foods (including soda pop)

40. Potassium Needed for proper fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction Meats, milk, fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes Magnesium Found in bones; needed for making protein, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, immune system health Nuts and seeds; legumes; leafy, green vegetables; seafood; chocolate; artichokes; "hard" drinking water Sulfur Found in protein molecules; Build and fix DNA; Protect cells from Damage; Assist to metabolize food meats, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts

41. Trace minerals Trace minerals, also called micro minerals, are essential minerals that the human body must get from food, but, unlike macro minerals, we only need a very small amount. Even though trace minerals are needed in tiny doses, they are still crucial to our health and development They are: Iron,Selenium,Fluoride,Zinc,Iodine Manganese,Chromium,Molybdenum,Copper

42. Iron Formulation of haemoglobin Binding O2 to RBC and transport  Regulation is body temperature  Brain development and function  Thyroid function  Muscle activity  Important for healthy pregnancy  Role in energy metabolism 

43. Iodine Support thyroid’s function Regulate overall metabolism Support Healthy growth and development   Maintain energy levels Regulate body temperature Increase heart rate Nutrient digestion and absorption

44. Mineral Function Sources Zinc Part of many  enzymes; needed for making   protein  and genetic material; has a function in taste perception, wound healing, normal fetal development, production of sperm, normal growth and sexual maturation, immune system health Meats, fish, poultry, leavened whole grains, vegetables Selenium Antioxidant; DNA synthesis; Thyroid hormone metabolism Meats, seafood, grains

45. Copper Part of many enzymes; needed for iron metabolism; To form RBC; Help to keep blood vessels,nerves, immune system,and bone healthy. Legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, organ meats, drinking water Manganese Part of many enzymes; Control sugar level,Maintain thyroid health, Improve metabolism and digestion Widespread in foods, especially plant foods Fluoride Involved in formation of bones and teeth; helps prevent tooth decay Drinking water (either fluoridated or naturally containing fluoride), fish, and most teas

46. Chromium Works closely with  insulin  to regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels, Helps in immune function and growth,Breakdown of fats and carbohydrates Unrefined foods, especially liver, brewer's yeast, whole grains, nuts, cheeses Molybdenum Part of some enzymes, Stay healthy, breakdown drugs and toxic substances that enter the body Legumes; breads and grains; leafy greens; leafy, green vegetables; milk; liver

47. Vitamins & Minerals present in  breast milk  Vitamins B1,B2,B6,B12,C (Water soluble vitamins ) Vitamins A,D,E,K (Fat soluble vitamins ) Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium (Major Minerals ) Iron, Copper, Zinc, Iodine (Trace Minerals )

48. THANK YOU