Fundamental of hydraulic components

Hydraulic components--- Tanks, filters, pumps, heat ex changers, valves( speed control valves, check valves, direction control valves, ) Actuators, Hydraulic motors, accumulators, testers.

1. Prepared by A.Prasadroshan [email protected] 1

2. Hydraulic system consists of following components Power sources units: Tank or reservoir Pressurized tanks, Vented tanks, Oil cooler Filters Suction filter, return line, Pressure line filters Hydraulic Piping Hose , Pipe, Fittings, Pressure gauge, Temperature gauge Positive displacement Pumps Internal/external gear Pump Screw,lobe,Vane ,Plunger pump, Piston pump Power Control Units: Flow control valves Regulating type, Control type Check valves NRV,Pilot operated check valves 3) Pressure control valves Pressure Relief valves , Unloading valves, Sequence valves, Pressure-reducing valves , Counterbalance valves, Safety Valve 4)Direction control valves Poppet, Spool , Rotary valves, One,two,three way, DRIVE units: Actuators Linear, Rotary, 1,2CYLINDERS, Telescopic cylinder, Hydraulic motors Auxiallry Power source units: 1)Accumulators Weight loaded, Spring loaded, Gas charged 2

3. Hydraulic Systems 3

4. Basic Components in Hydraulic Systems 4

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7. 1.RESERVOIR 7

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10. Hydraulic Tank Function 10

11. How Reservoirs Work 11

12. Hydraulic Tank Function 12

13. 2. Filters 13

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19. Hydraulic oil contamination 19

20. Particles In Hydraulic Oil 20

21. Contaminant Types And Causes 21

22. Abrasion Classes 22

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29. A hydraulic hose is a high-pressure, synthetic rubber, thermoplastic or Teflon reinforced hose that carries fluid to transmit force within hydraulic machinery 3.Hydraulic hose 29

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36. 4. Hydraulic steel PIPES It also carries fluid to transmit force within hydraulic machinery 36

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39. Pumps Positive displacement pump (Gear Pump ) : a specific amount of fluid passes through the pump for each rotation Centrifugal pump (Vane Pump ) : no specific amount of fluid flow per rotation; flow depends on speed of blades 39

40. Positive displacement vs Centrifugal pump Curve 40

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43. Displacement relates to how the output of the pump reacts to system loads Non-positive-displacement pumps produce flow variations due to internal slippage. Positive-displacement pumps produce a constant output per cycle 43

44. A non-positive-displacement pump has large internal clearances Allows fluid slippage in the pump Results in varying flow output as system load varies 44

45. Key Feature of a V-Displacement Pump Fixed Displacement Pump A fixed volume of fluids will be provided in each revolution Variable Displacement Pump _The volume of supplying fluids may be change based on demands 45

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49. Vane Pumps 49

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57. Internal Gear Pump 57

58. Internal Gear Pump 58

59. Internal Gear Pump 59

60. Operation of a lobe pump 60

61. A typical screw pump 61

62. Operation Principle of Piston Pumps 62

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65. A rotor-gear pump is a variation of the internal-gear pump. 65

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67. Rotor-gear Pumps 67

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70. Hydraulic oil cooler 70

71. If the pump is the heart of a hydraulic system then the valve is the brain. Valves are used to perform a large variety of governing and controlling functions. Valves Function: pressure control valves flow control valves check valves (non-return valves) directional control valves 71

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73. F orm : a) Spherical b) c) d) e) Conical f) Plate g) Spool valve Poppet valve Aspects of classification 73

74. Flow valves Basics: The velocity of hydraulic cylinders can be influenced by the flow rate. This can be done by an adjustable pump or by a flow rate control valve. The flow rate is changed by changing an orifice surface area or by changing the pressure difference on a resistance or dividing the flow rate. Advantages of flow valves are: simplicity safe operation good dynamic behaviour precision Disadvantage: the relatively high energy losses Types: Restrictor valves (throttle valves) Flow control valves Flow dividing valves 74

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76. Flow Control Valves 76

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79. Control Valves Regulating Valves Restrictor Orifice One Way Two Way Flow Control Valve 79

80. Restrictors & Orifices valves 80

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84. (a) In flow control (b) out flow control 84

85. Check Valves 85

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89. Pilot-operated check valves: Pilot pressure to open check valve 89

90. SHUTTLE VALVE 90

91. 1. Relief valves 2. Unloading valves 3. Sequence valves 4. Pressure-reducing valves 5. Counterbalance valves 6. Safety Valve Types of Pressure Control Valves 91

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95. Pressure relief valve 95

96. 1- Direct Acting Relief Valve (PRV) 96

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98. Fs > Fp Fs < Fp 98

99. Pressure relief valve 99

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103. Normal flow, no over load Pressure relief valve 103

104. 2- Pilot-Operated Relief Valve 104

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106. 2- Pilot-Operated Relief Valve 106

107. 2- Pilot-Operated Relief Valve 107

108. Unloading valves 108

109. Unloading valves 109

110. Sequence valves 110

111. Sequence valves 111

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113. Pressure reducing valves 113

114. Pressure-reducing valves 114

115. Counterbalance valves 115

116. Counterbalance valves 116

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121. Directional Control Devices Typical spool valve 121

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137. Solenoid Operated Spool Valves 137

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143. Actuators Hydraulic actuators convert the fluid power from the pump into mechanical work. A hydraulic cylinder is a linear actuator. A hydraulic motor is a rotary actuator. 143

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152. Telescopic Cylinder 152

153. Hydraulic Motors The function of hydraulic motors is the opposite of hydraulic pumps: Pump It draws in oil and displaces it, converting mechanical force into fluid force. Motor Oil under pressure is forced in and spilled out, converting fluid force into mechanical force. 153

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155. Gear Motors 155

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