Fundamentals of Land transport

The presentation includes basic introduction to land transportation and introduction to rail, road and hyper loop transport. It also states the advantages and disadvantages of each form of land transport.

1. LAND TRANSPORT

2. Introduction Land Transportation Movement of goods or people via land Earliest and most common method of transportation since ancient times Major breakthrough - invention of wheel & mechanization of transport

3. Elements in Land Transport

4. Advantages Road Rail Less Capital Investment and costs of construction and maintenance Wider Domestic Coverage connecting urban and rural areas. Affordable & Accessible even in rural setting Flexible timings & service Basis for other modes of transport (ground transfer to airports or ports) Suitable for short and long distances Best suitable to carry goods in bulk through longer distances Unaffected by changes in weather conditions Lesser rate of accidents compared to road transport Quicker and regular form of transport Higher carrying capacity compared to motor vehicles.

5. Disadvantages Road Rail More prone to accidents/ breakdowns Less carrying capacity, hence not suitable for bulky goods Delays due to ill-maintained roads, quality varies according to seasonality Slower&limited destinations Private run transport rates are usually high due to lack of standardization No fixed time schedules and regulation Contributes to global warming, causes noise/air pollution Large investment capital and higher costs of construction and maintenance Less prone to accidents/ breakdowns Higher maintenance costs for rails and tracks Less flexibility due to fixed routes & timings Doesn’t provide door to door service(road transport necessary to get to location) Contributes to depletion of natural resources(fossil fuels),causes pollution

6. Infrastructure Needed Road Rail Road Construction Materials- Cement, Asphalt, Concrete, Gravel etc. Road Construction Equipment's- Road rollers, Crawler excavator, Wheel loader etc. Supervisory authorities and Traffic Law Implementation Authorities Street lights, signboards, traffic signals etc. Safety measures for roads prone to landslides or flooding's. Railway track construction materials-overhead electric power line for electric trains Machinery & manpower for construction Supervisory authorities and government bodies Maintenance and operational costs Safety measures to avoid derailing and other accidents.

7. What makes Land Transport Successful Costs effective and sustainable transport Flexible according to the user Renting or Private ownership is affordable Convenient and efficient for traveling to places within a country Less travel related paperwork- no visas/tickets Safety Regulations ensure security of goods and passengers