Fundamentals of Landscape Design

Details study of landscape design with example of landscape architect of Pamelo Burton

1. 1 PRESENTATION ON FUNDAMENTALS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN LEVEL:4 TH ,TERM:1 ST GROUP NO:03 ID:166005 166008 166012 166014 166015 166021 166028 16 TH BATCH Dept.of Architecture,DUET

2. Principles of Design Elements of Design The Design Process Landscape Design Guidelines 3 6 11 19 CONTENTS 2

3. 3 Principles of Design Design principles guide designers in organizing elements visually pleasing landscape. Proportion Order Repetition Principles Unity Proportion Absolute proportion is the scale or size of an object. Relative proportion is the size of an object in relation to other objects. Proportion in hardscape Proportions in voids Proportion in plants Relative proportion Absolute proportion (The house is large) (House are the small size) Principles of Design Sorrento drive residence Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer:Gail Hansen

4. 4 Repetition: repeated use of features like plants with identical shape, line, form, texture etc. Too much repetition creates monotony used effectively can lead to rhythm , focalization or emphasis. Unity can be achieved. Colorado center corporate campus Repetition in plants Repetition in hardscape materials Order: Principles of Design Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer:Gail Hansen

5. All the separate parts of the landscape work together to create great total design. Colors, shapes, sizes, textures and other features work together . create a unified space. UNITY: Size Texture Principles of Design 5 Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer:Gail Hansen

6. used to create interest through level changes. With regards to building height, retaining height and retaining measures. as opposed to one large cut. 6 Landscape Design Guidelines Accommodate level changes Protect Views Avoiding reflective materials. Ensure views. Trees are to be planted to frame a view. Rather than obscure the view. Landscape Design Guidelines Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design (APPLEGARTH) HOUT BA Y (Updated 15 June 2017)

7. 7 Use natural screening to create privacy A soft and cost effective & improve privacy. Shrubs and trees selected from the plant palette . Should not negatively affect the adjacent properties. If it is higher than 1.5m is soft Screening. Create sheltered outdoor spaces Include lawn & seating area on paving or a deck and planting areas. Hard landscape elements are encouraged to create structure in the garden. Transition between the landscape and the buildings Transition zone The use of pergolas and trees that would soften the buildings and integrate the building with the landscape is encouraged. The tree canopy provides second “roof” Landscape Design Guidelines Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design (APPLEGARTH) HOUT BA Y (Updated 15 June 2017)

8. 8 Tree planting guidelines and tree staking detail From the approved list. Used carefully to create shade and an improved micro climate . Planted in a well prepared tree hole with minimum dimensions of 1.2 x 1.2 x 1m. Retaining walls Retaining walls have to be rectilinear in shape (Not curved). Retaining walls should be composed of straight lines and 90˚ corners to create unity between the built and landscape forms. For building material and height, refer to the Design Manual the requirements of which are applicable to landscape design. Use of visible concrete retaining block (CRB) walls are prohibited Landscape Design Guidelines Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design (APPLEGARTH) HOUT BA Y (Updated 15 June 2017)

9. 9 Planting design of the areas adjacent to road verge The front of the properties visible from the road should be seen as part of the street scape. The soft and hard landscape palette should match the surrounding road reserve in these areas. In areas visible from the road, mass planting of single species is not allowed. A planting mix should be used consisting of three or more species. The planting and maintenance of this area is the responsibility of the estate ( AOA). Landscape Servitude area The first 1m adjacent to the property boundary fence needs to be kept clean and planted with a suitable low groundcover from the approved plant list for the area. This needs to act as a clear line of site for the cameras monitoring the boundary. No planting should obstruct the view of cameras. All landscape servitude areas need to be maintained by the adjacent home owner Landscape Design Guidelines 1.0 m 1.0 m 1.0 m Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design (APPLEGARTH) HOUT BA Y (Updated 15 June 2017)

10. 10 Rainwater storage tanks Irrigation Garden Furniture Fertilizer Landscape Design Guidelines Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design (APPLEGARTH) HOUT BA Y (Updated 15 June 2017)

11. 11 Elements of Design: Elements of Design Source : Text book of Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer : Gail Hansen

12. 12 1. Lines : Line creates all forms and patterns and can be used in a variety of ways in the landscape. Straight & Horizontal Line divide the space Straight lines are structural and forceful. they create a formal character. Curved lines create an informal, natural, relaxed character. Vertical lines move the eye up, making a space feel larger. Curve Line Vertical Line Elements of Design Source : Text book of Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer : Gail Hansen

13. 13 2. Forms : Shape is created by an outline that encloses a space, and form is the three-dimensional mass of that shape. Circle Square Polygon make interesting shape Circle create focal point Square produce grid pattern Formal (Geometric Forms) Polygon Elements of Design Source : Text book of Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer : Gail Hansen

14. 14 Informal(Naturalistic Forms) Fragmented edges Meandering lines Organic edges Fragmented edges Create a gradually disappearing edge on patio or walkways. Meandering line can be described as smooth line with deeply curved undulations. Organic edges mimic the edges of natural material, such as foliage, plant forms. Elements of Design Source : Text book of Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer : Gail Hansen

15. 15 Tree forms : Tree form used for visual appeal, but the form is important for function. Different type of tree form are used in landscape design. such as, Shrub forms : choosing shrub often depends on weather. Elements of Design Columnal Vase Tree Weeping Tree Round Tree Pyramidal Ovel Tree spreading clumping irregular mounding Source : Text book of Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer : Gail Hansen

16. COLOR: The visual response of eye to reflected rays of light Optical sensation, originating in the brain’s perception of light energy reflected to the eye from a pigmented surface. TEXTURE The surface quality of a material , as perceived by sight or touch. It can be smooth, coarse, waxy, rough, delicate, velvety. Used to provide variety, interest, and contrast. A plant can generally be described as having a coarse, medium, or fine texture. Elements of Design 16 Lorna lane residence Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer:Gail Hansen

17. Medium Texture Medium texture plants have foliage and branches that are neither overly large nor small and delicate. They are characterized by medium sized leaves with simple shapes and smooth edges. A space feels smaller with fine texture on the perimeter A space feels larger with fine texture on the perimeter Fine Texture • Finer textures are easier for the viewer’s eyes to look at. •They make an area seem larger and more expanded. Course Texture • Visually coarse textures have border impacts. Coarse textures keep the viewer’s eyes busy. • making a large space seem smaller and more intimate. Elements of Design 17 Colorado center corporate campus Source:Basic Principles of Landscape Design Writer:Gail Hansen

18. The Design Process The five steps of the design process include: Establish the aesthetic, functional, and horticultural requirements for the design. Apply those requirements to the creation of the final landscape plan. 18 Throughout the design process there are ten important things to consider: The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

19. 1.Soil type 2.Topography Loam is a mixture of sand , silt & clay. Ideal blend of soil for plant growth. 40% sand,40% silt & 20% clay. 19 Understand of Site Issues of concern include the soil type, topography, and regional climate Full sun Dense shade Full shade Partial shade Light shade 3.Regional climate Sun/shades pattern. The amount and length of exposure to sun or shade. Create microclimates. Direct summer sun for 6 or more hours a day. Provides little indirect light. Areas take in less than an hour of direct sun a day. Occurs where plants get less than 2 hours of direct sun or are shaded for at least half the day. The plants receive 3 to 5 hours of direct sun in the summer and shade for less than 4 hours each day. The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

20. Calculating the length of exposure to sun or shade : L=H/tan(A) Here, L=length of Shadow H=height of the tree/obstacle A= Altitude angle of the sun at mid-day L H A 20 Sun and Shade analysis of a site: Remember the User: There are five things to consider: 1) how do currently use the yard, 2) how do user want to use the yard, 3) aesthetically, how do user want it to look, 4) what is maintenance style, hands-off or hands-on, 5) what is client budget. The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

21. 21 Use a Theme: Formal style Naturalistic style The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

22. 22 Create and Link Spaces A yard can generally be divided into three areas: public (the front yard), private (the back yard), and service (typically the side yard) Arbors Plant beds Sod areas Outdoor room Paved surfaces the curves and bends of the path should partially conceal what lies ahead. This provides a sense of mystery that promotes exploration and discovery of the landscape. Informal garden The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

23. 23 Consider the Function of Plants Physical barriers block both the view and access Implied barriers block access but not the view For psychological comfort Microclimates Structure the Plantings: Shrubs act as walls in a space The branches of trees form a ceiling canopy overhead. The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

24. 24 Main layer Second layer Final layer Layer Type of Plants Purpose Main layer Trees and large shrubs. separate or en-frame spaces, control the size of the space. Second layer Mid-ground plants For massing and infill. Final layer Foreground plants provide emphasis or focal points. The Design Process Source:Landscape Design: Ten Important Things to Consider Gail Hansen de Chapman

25. 25 CASE STUDY…

26. 26 Pamelo Burton & Company Landscape architect in Santa Monica , California She is known for her interdisciplinary approach to private and public projects, bringing together plant materials ,art and architecture. In 2006 ,she become a fellow of the American society of landscape architects. Philosophy : To create a landscape and by changing the landscape to achieve the best use of the site and it also related to the environment. Pamelo Burton ARCHITECT https://en.m.wikipedia.rg

27. 27 Lago Vista Residence Beverly Hills, California Area:1.7 acres Private space Service space Public space Located on a ridge with steep grades on either side of the residence, Offering separate spaces for entertaining and relaxation. The curves and bends of the path provides a sense of mystery that promotes exploration and discovery of the landscape. Theme : Naturalistic form theme Organic edge mimic the nature . Circular form create a focal point CASE STUDY-01 www.pamelaburtonco.com

28. A series of garden rooms linked by a circumambulatory path Utilizing the grade changes to embrace and separate programmed spaces, Offers a variety of experiences knee-height texture along the path Outdoor rooms Repetition in hardscape materials and plants. Color: Analogous color scheme. Analysis: Trees are not used to create a frame. Circular focal point space can be more interesting by planting structure. Curved lines create an informal, natural, relaxed character. 28 www.pamelaburtonco.com

29. 29 Lorna lane residence Location: Brentwood , California. Area: 0.75 acres. Groundcover form Circular form create focal point & Connect other forms Irregular form create interesting space Curve line create natural ,relaxed character Fragmented edge materials used In the lawn, a long, linear stone trough is filled with irises. Wrapping the lawn, a decomposed granite path is bordered by an ever-changing palette of sun and shade loving shrubs, designed in the pattern of the color wheel. The garden room filled with color all year from the foliage and flowers. Legend 1.Guest parking court 2.Upper terrace 3.Iris rill 4.Pergola with stone bench 5.Lower terrace 6.Vegetable garden & grill area 7.North garden terrace 8.Pool 9.Outdoor shower 10.Fountain 11.Main parking court 12.Infiltration planter CASE STUDY-02 www.pamelaburtonco.com

30. 30 Straight line lead the eye directly a focal point. Create pattern control movement. Vertical line move the eye up. making a space larger. Relative proportion create a comfortable space. Tree form create a boundary for movement or visualization. Shrub form create a fine texture . Shade tree form create shady area. Different cooler create a variety in landscape www.pamelaburtonco.com

31. A large sunken lawn below the upper terrace, bordered on the south by a stone and wood pergola with a stone bench at the base. Upper terrace Pergola 31 Analysis: whose landscape references the symmetry and balance of French and English gardens with a palette appropriate for this area of Los Angeles. Repetition in hardscape materials creates monotony. if used effectively then it can lead to rhythm , focalization or emphasis in landscape design. Source : pamelaburtonco.com/projects/ lorna -lane-residence

32. 32 Sorrento Drive residence Location:Brentwood , California Area: 0.5 acres Client sought delight from the graciousness, comfort and attention to detail in their new house and garden. an axial arrangement The pool is encircled by closely-planted trees and narrow ribbons of colored concrete . Public space Private space Relaxation outdoor space CASE STUDY-03 Formal (Geometric Forms) www.pamelaburtonco.com

33. 33 Repetition in plants and hardscape . A decorative granite pathway with Proportionate plants creates natural views. used for the hardscape - Geometric form theme Analysis: A large sunken lawn by a stone and wood pergola with a stone bench at the base can make outdoor space more interesting. Pool side repeated use of trees provides visually monotony and bored feelings. A tranquil dining pavilion that includes a large outdoor fireplace overlooks the garden. The well-groomed garden areas, linked together by pathways. Medium texture Course texture www.pamelaburtonco.com

34. 34 Bonhill residence Location : Brentwood, CA N Based on a series of outdoor rooms. Symbolic representations of mass and void. Use of various types of plant to create texture. Effectively use of repetition create rhythm. CASE STUDY-04 Natural screening to create privacy. A courtyard at the back of the house uses randomly shaped paving stones to form a perfect square around an existing Coral tree, which looks out over the garden below. Coral tree www.pamelaburtonco.com

35. 35 The garden has gradually become a sculpture garden; the citrus orchard has been replaced by a Richard Long sculpture piece, and the void of the open lawn is bordered by a Richard Serra piece of steel. Meandering line can be described as smooth line with deeply curved undulations. Lawn is bordered by Camphor trees and a walkway Garden room www.pamelaburtonco.com Analysis: Here the garden room which conceder as sheltered outdoor spaces. In this design the lawn is considered as a bordered but the lawn also create the visual problem.

36. Colorado Center Corporate Campus Location: Santa Monica, California Architect: Gensler Area:15 acres Color change according to monochromatic color in color wheel. CASE STUDY-05 Purpose : To create an environmentally-appropriate design that focused on employee-centric amenities and water-wise planting. Large lawn areas were replaced with shrubs and grasses that conveyed movement, color and intrigue using the idea of green to gold 36 www.pamelaburtonco.com

37. Colors, shapes, sizes, textures and other features work together and create a unified space. Used to create interest through level changes. Hard landscape elements are encouraged to create structure in the garden. Space feel larger by texture. 37 www.pamelaburtonco.com

38. 38 More repetition create monotonous . If we use effective repetition then it can help to create rhythm. Used to create interest through level changes. But more level change can be danger for users. Use of trees in this plaza gives a shade and shelter for people and this makes spaces more peaceful. . ANALYSIS

39. 39 UCR The Barn Location: Riverside, CA Architect: SVA Architecture Area: 60000SFT This landscape was designed alongside the renovation and expansion of UCR’S historic Barn event space. Purpose : New creative spaces for students to study or relax in an exterior garden environment Theme : Geometric form theme Entry Tress are used carefully to create shade and an improved micro climate . Relative proportion is the size of an object in relation to other objects . CASE STUDY-06 www.pamelaburtonco.com

40. Curved lines create an informal, natural, relaxed character. Straight lines are structural and forceful. they create a formal character. The plant palette consciously utilizes drought tolerant and low maintenance species and incorporates a dry boulder swale. Outdoor spaces 40 www.pamelaburtonco.com

41. Retaining walls have to be rectilinear in shape (Not curved). composed of straight lines 90˚ corners to create unity between the built and landscape forms. The front of the properties visible from the road. Planting design of the areas adjacent to road verge. 41 www.pamelaburtonco.com Analysis: Tress are used carefully to create shade and an improved micro climate. Road side repeated use of trees provides visually monotony and bored feelings. The front of the properties visible from the road as a result Privacy is lost.

42. 42 The plan of the private residence shows the relationship of the main house and guest house as they frame the garden. Malibu Beach House Location: Malibu, California Area:0.5 acres From the Pacific Coast Highway (National Defense Highway), the interior garden is framed by the guest house and main house, and opens to the full expanse of the Pacific Ocean. Located in Malibu, this project spans three lots. The garden uses the Japanese concept of "borrowed landscape", a framing device that blocks out certain views through plant screening and accentuates others by situating them within a landscape frame CASE STUDY-07 www.pamelaburtonco.com

43. 43 Yellow Kangaroo Paw ( Anigozanthos ), Mexican Marigold ( Tagetes ) and Duranta repens " variegata " were incorporated within the grass massing to create a complex salt-tolerant palette of yellows and greens. The design was executed to optimize the flowing , dramatic movement of grasses, contrasting red bark of the Arbutus tree, and seasonal color of the Kangaroo Paw. Meeting the clients request for "lots of color", the design combines multiple plants in a yellow palette. The summer landscape with fog reveals a garden that mimics the adjacent landscape www.pamelaburtonco.com

44. 44 Exterior parking on both sides of the property utilizes permeable paving with planted joints Provides a shaded threshold next to a reflecting pool with a bronze edge. Drought-tolerant planting palette reduces the carbon footprint Provide a secure boundary. 18 inches hedge below the deck level A low maintenance, walk able ground cover An informal sandy walk Tree form create a boundary for movement or visualization www.pamelaburtonco.com Analysis : Repeated use of grass in walkway create monotony and bored feeling .Trees are used to create frame within guest house and main house.

45. 45 Common characteristics of Architect Pamelo Burton: tends to crate outdoor spaces. new landscape design must be follow the existing natural landscape. Well defined spaces are designed through the use of plants. Architect sought to use a theme in her design. Private and public spaces are more defined. Works Pattern

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