Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Organic Chemistry, Vital force Theory and its rejection. Features of Organic compounds

1. Organic Chemistry Chapter 7

2. Prepared by: Prof. Tehreem Iftikhar

3. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry 200 years ago on the basis of origin and properties compounds were classified into two groups Organic Compounds Inorganic compounds

4. Introduction Organic compounds The compounds which are obtained from living things i.e., plants and animals are called organic compounds. Examples: Butter, Leather, silk, cotton Inorganic Compounds The compounds which are obtained from mineral sources are called inorganic compounds. Examples: NaCl, CO2, water

5. Vital Force Theory, Vitalism Proposed by J. Berzelius in 1815 Definition “Organic compounds can be manufactured only by and within living things and these compounds can never be synthesized from inorganic materials in laboratory”. Plants Animals

6. Work of Friedrick Wohler Rejection of Vitalism In 1828, F. Wohler synthesized urea from inorganic compound ammonium cyanate in laboratory

7. Friedrich Wohler

8. Questions in exam Q. What is vital force theory and how it was rejected? Q. What is importance of Wohler’s work in the development of organic chemistry

9. Organic compounds (modern definition) Organic compounds : “Compounds which contain carbon as an essential element along with H, O, N, P, S, Halogens etc. are called Organic compounds” Element of life e.g methane, Benzene, Glucose Exceptions CO 2, CO, Carbonates (Na 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 Allotropes of carbon Diamond and graphite (Inorganic)

10. Organic compounds Organic chemistry : The branch of chemistry which deals with the study of compounds of Carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbons) and their derivatives is termed as Organic chemistry. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Methyl Chloride CH4 CH 3 Cl

11. Features of Organic Compounds Peculiar Nature of Carbon Non-Ionic character of Organic compounds Similarity in behaviour Complexity of Organic compounds Isomerism Rates of Organic Reactions Solubility