FUNDAMENTALS OF STEAM TURBINES AND COMPONENTS.pptx

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1. Presented by; P.Vishnu Vardhan B19148 FUNDAMENTALS OF STEAM TURBINES AND COMPONENTS Under Guidence ; Mr.Jakirahemed Md. Mr.Narender

2. What is the turbine? What is the principle of steam turbine? Types of steam turbine. Component of steam turbine. Problems in steam turbine. Conclusion CONTENT

3. What exactly is the turbine ? Turbine is an engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical energy Turbine is an engine that converts energy of fluid into mechanical energy

4. The steam energy is converted mechanical work by expansion through the turbine. Expansion takes place through a series of fixed blades(nozzles) and moving blades. In each row fixed blade and moving blade are called stage. Principle of steam turbine :

5. Widely used in CHP(combined heat and power) applications. Oldest prime mover technology Capacities: 50 kW to hundreds of MWs Thermodynamic cycle is the “Rankin cycle” that uses a boiler Most common types Back pressure steam turbine Extraction condensing steam turbine Steam Turbine System:

6. Back Pressure Steam Turbine Advantages: Simple configuration Low capital cost Low need of cooling water High total efficiency Disadvantages: Larger steam turbine Boiler Turbine Process HP Steam Condensate LP Steam Steam exits the turbine at a higher pressure that the atmospheric

7. Steam obtained by extraction from an intermediate stage Remaining steam is exhausted Relatively high capital cost, lower total efficiency Extraction Condensing Steam Turbine Boiler Turbine Process HP Steam LP Steam Condensate Condenser Fuel

8. steam turbine and blades

9. There are two main types Impulse steam turbine Reaction steam turbine Types of steam turbine :

10. The basic idea of an impulse turbine is that a jet of steam from a fixed nozzle pushes against the rotor blades and impels them forward. The velocity of steam is twice as fast as the velocity of blade. Pressure drops take place in the fixed blade (nozzle). Impulse steam turbine:

11. The turbine consists of a single rotor to which impulse blades are attached. The steam is fed through one or several convergent nozzles. If high velocity of steam is allowed to flow through one row of moving blades. It produces a rotor speed of about 30000 rpm which is too high for practical use. The single stage impulse turbine:

12. Velocity diagram:

13. A reaction turbine utilizes a jet of steam that flows from a nozzle on the rotor. Actually, the steam is directed into the moving blades by fixed blades designed to expand the steam. The result is a small increase in velocity over that of the moving blades. Reaction steam turbine:

14. Schematic diagram:

15. Main components are Casing Rotor Blades Stop and control valve Oil befell, steam befell governor Bearing(general and thrust bearing) Gear box( epicyclic gear box) Oil pumps Component of impulse steam turbine:

16. Stress corrosion carking. Corrosion fatigue Pitting. Oil lubrication imbalance of the rotor can lead to vibration Misalignment Thermal fatigue Problems in steam turbine:

17. conclusion: : Summer training gives the idea of `General Awareness in steam turbine Manufacturing and it`s process .It provides practical idea of manufacturing Several components of turbine . Also : BHEL is the largest engineering and manufacturing enterprice in india . The company manufacture 235 MW nuclear turbine generator sets and in future it will be 500MW

18. THANK YOU