Fundamentdwqewals_of_computerComputer.pptx

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1. Fundamentals of Computer An Introduction to Computer Basics

2. Introduction What is a Computer? - A computer is an electronic device that processes data, converts it into information, and stores it. - It consists of hardware and software.

3. Components of a Computer 1. Hardware - Physical components such as the CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse. 2. Software - Set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do (e.g., Operating System, Applications).

4. Basic Computer Operations Input: Data entered by a user (e.g., using a keyboard). Processing: The CPU processes the data. Output: Results are displayed (e.g., monitor shows the output). Storage: Data can be saved for future use (e.g., Hard Drive, SSD).

5. Central Processing Unit (CPU) CPU (The Brain of the Computer) - Executes instructions and processes data. Key Components: Control Unit (CU): Directs the operation of the processor. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

6. Memory and Storage Primary Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for active processes. Secondary Memory (Storage): Permanent storage (e.g., HDD, SSD).

7. Input and Output Devices Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone. Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speakers.

8. Types of Software System Software: Includes operating systems (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux). Application Software: Software for specific tasks (e.g., MS Office, Adobe Photoshop). Utility Software: Helps to maintain and protect the computer (e.g., Antivirus, Disk Cleanup).

9. Types of Computers Personal Computers (PC) Laptops Servers Supercomputers

10. Operating Systems What is an OS? - Software that manages hardware resources and provides services for computer programs. Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux.

11. Networks and the Internet Computer Networks: A group of interconnected computers that share resources. Internet: The global network of interconnected computers.

12. Evolution of Computers Generations of Computers: First Generation (1940-1956): Vacuum Tubes. Second Generation (1956-1963): Transistors. Third Generation (1964-1971): Integrated Circuits. Fourth Generation (1971-present): Microprocessors.

13. Conclusion Summary of Key Points: - The basic structure and functioning of computers. - Importance of hardware and software. - Types of computers and their evolution.

14. References 1. Computer Science Textbooks 2. Online Resources and Websites