Fungi botany

The file fungi is the based on brief details about the Fungi.
it will provide Complete knowledge about fungus.

1. A presentation on the
“Fungi”
Submitted by Sanjay kumarMandawariya
Submitted to MonalisaKulshrestha
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2. Mycology:- StudyofFungi,andwhostudyfungiknownas“Mycologist”
FatherofMycology:- “PierAntonioMicheli”,Book“NovaPlantarumGenera”
FatherofModernMycology:- DeBary
FatherofIndianMycology:- B.B.Mundker/E.J.Butler
FungiNamegivenBy“GaspardBauhin”
InFiveKingdomClassificationofwhittaker,1969 dividesinSeparateKingdom
“Mycota”
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3. Definition :-
•Bessey,1950AccordingtohimFungiare“Achlorophylls
NonvascularPlants.”
•OntheBasisoftheReproductionandVegetativestructure
theydifferfromtheplantsandBacterias.
•
AlexopolousandMims,1979theyare“EukaryoticSpore
bearingAchlorophyllsOrganism. ”
•CellwallisMadeupoffChitin.TheyarealwaysHeterotrophic
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4. GeneralCharactersofFungi:-
Cosmopolitan
Eukaryoticachlorophyllousnon-vascularMicroandMacro-Scopicorganisms.
HavingcellwallsandCellwallismadeupoff“Chitin.”
Typicallynon-motile.
Theyshows“Alterationofgeneration.”Theyhavebothhaploidanddiploidstage.
TheplantbodyisThallus.
ItUnicellularorMulticelluar.Composedofmicroscopicthreadscalledhyphae.
Hyphaecangrowandformanetworkcalledamycelium.
Fungiareheterotrophicorganisms.
StoragefoodmaterialGlycogenorOildroplets.
Reproductionoccursbybothasexualandsexualmode:
Asexualmethods:fragmentation,Somaticbudding,fission,asexualsporeformation.
Teleomorph:thesexualreproductivestage(morph),typicallyafruitingbody.
Anamorph:anasexualreproductivestage(morph),oftenmold-like.
AsexualsporesareSporangiospores,Aplanospores,Zoospores,Conidia,etc.
SexualsporesareOospores,Zygospores,Ascospores,Basidiospores, etc.
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5. Habitat:-
1. Aquatic fungi:-Present in both fresh and Marine water
Eg. Members of Mestigomycotina, Chitridus, Coliomycesand Deuteromycetesand some
members of Ascomycetesand Basidiomycetes.
2. Terrestrial Fungi:-
A. Soil Fungi Eg. Chitridsto AgaricusCoprophillusfungus _ Pilobolus
B. Symbiotic Fungi Eg . Mycorhizaand Lichens
C. Parasitic Fungi Eg. Smut and Rust fungus
D. Fungal HyperparasiteEg. Ampelomycesquisqualison Powdery mildew fungus
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6. 3. Fungi in Atmosphere :-
Eg. Fungi Spores in air
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7. THALLUS ORGANISATION :
Plant body is Known as “Thallus.” It mean the plant body is not differentiated into true Root, Stem and
Leaves.
The Thallus are two types in Fungi. 1. Non-Mycelial Thallus 2. Mycelial Thallus
1.Non-Mycelial Thallus:-
Eg. Olpidium
There is Pseudomyceliumalso found in some fungi
•Eg. Yeast
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8. 2. Mycelial Thallus :-
Non septate :-Eg. Phycomycetesmembers
Septate fungi:-Eg. Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and
Deuteromycetes
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10. Clamp connection:-
It is a tubular connection between two cell of Mycelium. By this connection a Monokaryotic
Myceliumbecomes a Dikaryotic Mycelium.
Eg.:-Member’s of Basidiomycetes
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11. Types of Septa :-
1.Solid Septa:- Albugo
2.Perforated Septa:- Zeotricum
3.Bordered-pit Septa: Mucerales& Trichomycetes
4.Ascomyteantype Septa:- Ascomycetes
5.Dolipore Septa:- Basidiomycetes
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12. Modified Hyphal Structures:-
Vegetative Structures:-
A.Rhizoids
B.Appresorium
C.Haustoria
D.Hyphal Trap
Aggregation of Hyphae:-
A.Sclerotium
B.Plectenchyma
i. Prosenchyma
ii.Psudoparenchyma
C.Rhizomorh
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13. HAUSTORIUM HYPHAL TRAP
Eg.Sclerospora Dacteleriacandida and Orthobotris robsta
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15. SCLEROTIUM PLECTENCHYMA RHIZOMORPH
Eg. Rhizoctoniaspp. Armileriamelia
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16. Cellular Structure of Fungi:.-
Fungi is Eukaryotic Organisms. They have Membrane bound cell organelles i.e.
Mitochondria, ER, Golgi_body, Ribosome etc. Vacuoles are also present in the cell
structure.
Cell wall is generally Made up of Chitin and some times it may be Cellulose or Glucan
They lack Plastids.
A Special structure present in between the membranes of Cell, Known as “Lomasomes.”
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17. Nutrition in Fungi.:-
•Fungiget theirnutritionby absorbing organic compounds from the environment.
•Fungiare heterotrophic.
Types of Nutrition in Fungi
Obligate:-Albugocandida
Facultative:-Fusarium, Ustilago
Obligate:-Peziza, Aspergillus spp.
Facultative:-Rhizopus, Penicillium
Mycorrhiza :-Pinusand Archids
Lichens
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18. Reproduction in Fungi
•Reproduction is thebiological processby which new individualorganisms–"offspring" –are produced from
their "parents".
•In Fungi “Alexopoulos& Mims”, 1979 merge Vegetative reproduction in the Asexual reproduction, so there are
only two types of Reproduction in Fungi.
•There are two forms of reproduction:
asexualandsexual.
Asexual Reproduction
1. Fragmentation
2. Budding
3. Binary Fission
4. By Spore Formation
I. Sporangiospores
II. Conidiospores
III.Oidiospores/ Arthospore
IV. Chlamydospore
V. Blastospore
Sexual Reproduction
1.PlanogameticCopulation
2.GametangialContact
3.GametangialCopulation
4.Spermatisation
5.Somatogamy
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19. Fragmentation Budding Binary fission
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21. Oidia Chlamydospores Blastospores
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23. Asexual Fructification
1. Acervulus 2. Sporodochium 3. Coremium/ Synnema 4. Pycnidium
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24. Sexual Reproduction
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The general phases of the Sexual reproduction in the Fungi
1. Plasmogamy 2. Karyogamy3. Meiosis
1.
PlanogameticCopulation ( py;qXedheSFkqu)
2.GametangialContact (;qXed/kkuh; LkEidZ)
3.GametangialCopulation (;qXed/kkuh; eSFkqu)
4.Spermatisation (vPkyiqea.kq;qXeu)
5.Somatogamy (dkf;d;qXeu)
Types of sexual reproduction in Fungi
1. Isogamy 2. Anisogamy 3. Oogamy
Different Methods of Sexual Reproduction in Fungi

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PlanogameticCopulation

26. GametangialContact
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27. GametagialCopulation
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28. Spermatizationand Somatogamy

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30. Sexual Fructification
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31. Life Cycle of Fungi
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32. Classification of Fungi
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Bauhin, 1623 Book-PinexTheatriBotanicidescribe 100 species of Fungi.
TruneFort, 1694 Book-Elements De Botanique Divided Fungi in 6 Different Classes.
Systemic Classification of Fungi Given By Lineaus, include in Cryptogamae.
Elias Fries, 1821-32 Father of Systematic Mycology Book SystemaMycologicum.
Four Classes given By Elias Fries……
1.Coniomycetes
2.Hyphomycetes
3.Gastromycetes
4.Hymenomycetes

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Saccardo, 1882 Book SyllogeFungorum
Divided fungi in 6 different Classes
1.Schizomycetes
2.Myxomycetes
3.Phycomycetes
4.Ascomycetes
5.Basidiomycetes
6.Deuteromycetes

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Division –MYCOTA
Subdivision
1.Myxomycotina 2. Eumycotina
Class
1. Myxomycetes
1.Chytridiomycete
2.Hyphochytridiomycetes
3.Oomycetes
4.Plasmodiophoromycetes
5.Zygomycetes
6.Trichomycetes
7.Ascomycetes
8.Basidiomycetes
Form Class. Deuteromycetes
Alexopoulos, 1962 classification

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