FYDP Defense Presentation 2023 Electrical.pptx

Final Year projects ideas

1. Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Dr. Sohaira Ahmad FYDP Title Defense Presentation Umer Farooq (L) ---------- UW-20-EE-BSc-034 Usama Ata ---------- UW-20-EE-BSc-037 Laiba Younas ---------- UW-20-EE-BSc-041 Durriya Zia ----------- UW-20-EE-BSc-044 Supervisor: Group Members : 1 1 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency

2. Problem Statement Fuel-powered bikes causing air pollution along with a price hike in fuel have compelled engineers to seek environmentally friendly, maintainable, and cost-effective vehicle technologies. 2 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency

3. 3 The main objectives of our project are: To reduce carbon footprints and contribute to a cleaner environment by zero emissions To reduce dependence on petroleum product fuels. To save cost spend on the maintenance and engine repairs of fuel-powered vehicles. To reduce noise pollution and provide a quieter and peaceful environment To provide longer lifespan than petrol engines by using less moving parts Objective Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency

4. 4 Introduction Fuel-powered vehicles emit pollutants throughout their lifecycle, from vehicle operation to fuel production, refining and distribution and to a lesser extent vehicle manufacturing, recycling and disposal. In terms of air quality point, Pakistan was ranked 176 out of 180 countries by Environmental Performance Index. According to International Air Quality index, Pakistan is the 3 rd most polluted country and area in terms of yearly average PM 2.5 concentration i.e., 14.2 times the WHO annual air quality guideline. The demand of petroleum products of Pakistan is 19 million tons out of which 59% is used in transportation. The Gasoline prices in 2023 also increased from 0.96 USD/liter in august to 1.15 USD/liter in September. Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency

5. 5 Introduction Cont.. Keeping these challenges in mind, Pakistan is gradually transitioning to alternative modes of transportation in order to minimize annual fuel use and emissions. Electric bikes have been introduced to cover 73% of the total pollution caused by IC engines. Their low operating costs have attracted buyers to enhance and promote this industry. Newly released electric vehicles are more expensive than converted e-bikes; thus, this saves on initial costs. Furthermore, it is similar to a DIY project that can be implemented by a layman by following the stated technique. Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency

6. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 1. Conversion of IC engine bike into electric motor bike Akash Anil Vaidya, Prof. T.S.Sagar , Saket P. Joshi 2019 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) In this paper a series combination of 4 battery cells with total 48V is used to run a 2000W BLDC motor. The electric bike has 3.5A charger which takes 8 hours to completely charge a battery and gives 30-40 km range with maximum speed of 50km/h. 2. Conversion of petrol bike to an electric bike Atul Kaushik 2022 International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences (IJIRMPS) This system uses a 48V sine-wave controller and a 48V / 15Ah lithium-ion battery that uses 48V / 3A charger to drive a 750W BLDC motor. With keeping center of gravity in view, it has a mileage of 40 km and maximum speed of 30 km/h. 6 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review

7. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 3. Cost effective conversion of electric bike G.Uma Maheshwari , B.Vimalan , K.Vimalnath , K. Witney Jefferson, N.Vignesh May, 2020 International Research Journal of Engineering and Techology (IRJET) In this paper, a 250W, 48V BLDC motor and a 12V 24Ah lead-acid battery as a primary source to drive the wheels of electric bike. 4. Retrofitting of Conventional Two-Wheelers to Electric Two-Wheelers Nirmal A Kumar, Navaneeth M, Allan Sabu Joseph 2021 13 th IEEE PES Asia Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) In this paper three different IC engine bikes are retrofitted with 2000W BLDC motor and 72V / 60 Ah Lithium-ion battery. The result includes average and maximum speed as well as cost comparison of all three converted bikes with reduction of weight. 7 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review

8. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 5. Sizing of Ultra capacitors and batteries for a high performance Electric Vehicle Wilmer Martinez, Camilo Cortes, Luis Munoz April 16, 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference In this paper the problem for energy storage and high performance is dealt by using Ultra capacitors By performing 4 tests on the different combination for 2 ultra capacitors and 2 batteries the conclusion was proposed that 20V battery and 63F capacitor is to be used 6. Converting an Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle to an Electric Vehicle Ali Eydgahi , Mr. Edward Lee Long IV June, 2011 Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference In this system a 72-144V BLDC motor and Li-on battery is used to achieve 70m/h maximum speed and a range of 100 miles with a fully charged battery Based on 14 different range experiments it shows vehicle covers 90 miles when charged 80% and charging time vary from 6 hours to 3 hours if outlet is changed from 110V – 220V. 8 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review Cont..

9. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 7. Research of design of Electric Vehicle Controller Based on Brushless DC Motor Junhui Cheng, Chengling Lu, Gang Zhang, Congbing Wu,Yourui Huang July 26 – 28, 2017 Proceedings of the 36 th Chinese Control Conference In this paper a controller is used to control a BLDC motor using STM-32 chip microprocessor. The maximum drawing current due to power loss is detected by MOSFET resistance tubes and using differential amplifier the signal is improved. 8. Design Parameter and Simulation Analysis of Electric Bike Using Bi-Directional Power Converter Tehseen Ilahi , Tausif Zahid , Muhammad Zahid , Muzaffar Iqbal, Abdullah Sindhila , Quqan Tahir June 12-13, 2020 Proc. Of the 2 nd International Conference on Electrical Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) In this paper buck-boost converter, 2 packs of 30Ah / 48V, 2kW Hub motor is used to charge the battery from rotation of wheel . The result compares weight, range, cost and other parameters of 70CC and e-bike. The cost and range of bike changes from 212 pkr to 57 pkr and 55k m/ litre to 75 km/charge respectively 9 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review Cont..

10. cal Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 9. Optimization Design to Increase Efficiency of 350 W Outer Rotor Brushless DC Motor for Urban Electric Bicycle Muhammad Fadhil Suwarman , Irza Kusuma, Jihad Furqani 2023 4th International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power Systems (ICHVEPS) This research focuses on improving efficiency in 350W BLDC motors for electric bicycles. It analyzes the effects of slot pole combination on efficiency. The result showed winding modifications increased efficiency from 80.98% to 84.8% at 221 rpm. 10. Improved E-bike charger suitable for advanced charging algorithms Navaneeth M, Jithin J, Jasim Ali M, Swathi PV, 2023 International Conference on Communication, Control and Information Sciences ( ICCISc ) This paper designs an AC charger for Li-ion batteries, improving efficiency through efficient converters, advanced charging algorithms and high- frequency transformers. It compares charging time and efficiency for a 48V 35Ah Li-ion battery for E-bike applications. This charger provides electrical isolation, ensuring efficient and fast charging. 10 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review Cont..

11. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 11. Optimal Design of In-wheel Motor for an E-bike Jiyoung Lee, Jongmoo Kim, and Byungchul Woo June 1-4, 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia - Pacific (ITEC) This paper aims to design an optimal in-wheel motor for an electric bike, improving output characteristics and facilitating automatic winding. Response surface methodology and 2-dimensional finite element method were used for electro-magnetic field analysis. 12. Analysis of Conventional Bicycle Assembly Transformed into an Electric Bicycle Using a BLDC Electric Motor Sudirman Yahya and Nofiansah 1, April, 2023 International Journal of Research In Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) According to this paper hike in oil prices is causing a shift towards e-bicycles, which uses a controller, 350W BLDC motor and 36V Li-Ion battery that act as a power source. The electric bicycle is tested on road, covering 44.9 km and reaching 30 km/hour with a 50 kg rider, revealing that rider weight affects speed and travel duration . 11 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review Cont..

12. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 13. Analytical Modeling and Designing of SMPMSM for Electric Bike Application Sarvesha Y V, Swati Narula 2019 4th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT) This paper presents simulation and performance analysis of surface mounted PMSM done for electric bike applications, focusing on high starting torque and efficient cooling systems. According to this paper EVs offer low CO2 emissions and high efficiency, with brushless DC motors being popular due to high torque, efficiency, and torque-to-inertia ratio. 14. Design and application of two-person electric vehicle Erdal KILIC 2022 World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences This paper presents a lightweight, efficient electric vehicle without power transmission organs, powered by a battery, to address environmental issues caused by decreased oil reserves and air pollution. This system uses a 6kW battery and 72V battery package to run the vehicle. 12 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review Cont..

13. Sr. No. Title Authors Published Year Conference / Journal Name Summary 15. Boosting a Regular Bicycle into a Low-cost E-bike for Public Urban Transportation Victor Huatuco - Villena , Julio Motta Claudio, Pedro Miguel Portillo-Mendoza, Carlos Sotomayor-Beltran 12 April, 2023 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology This paper aims to design and implement an affordable, low-cost e-bike for public transport in urban areas. The design includes a 350W brushless motor, a robust control PCB, a large screen, and a gear change system The maximum speed of e-bike is 25 km/h with a maximum torque of 24 Nm and power of 275 W. The switching regulator module ensured constant voltage and 90% efficiency. 16. Design and Fabrication of an Electric Bike A Karthi , N Afridhin , D Aravind, G Kamalesh, K Rathish Kumar Feb 2020 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) This paper explores use of e-bikes as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional vehicles, focusing on battery-powered electric bikes for improved fuel economy, performance, and reduced pollution. It uses Li-on battery with 750W motor to get maximum speed of 41.21 km/h. 13 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Literature Review Cont..

14. 14 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Block Diagram

15. First step of the project is to get a donor IC engine bike with enough room in it’s guts for the motor and batteries. De-ICE the bike i.e. remove the engine, transmission, radiator, gas tank and exhaust pipes. Take 2000W BLDC motor and build an adapter plate to physically mount the motor. Calculate battery size according to the motor. Choose battery according to it and build battery rack to mount it to the frame of the bike. Mount on-board charger on the bike frame. 15 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Methodology

16. Design controller to control the speed of the bike and mount it near the batteries and motor. Mount peripherals i.e. throttle, main contactor, fuses, DC-DC converter. After fitting all the components wire everything together. Battery receives electricity from charger through AC socket and provide it to the controller. Controller when regulated by user receives signals and provide electrical energy to motor. Motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy and drive wheels to rotate. 16 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Methodology Cont..

17. Specifications of Bike Model Honda CD70 Engine Type Single Cylinder, Four Stroke Frame Backbone Type Dry Weight 82 kg Total Height 1014mm Total Length 1897mm Total Width 751mm Fuel Capacity 8.50 litres Mileage 70 km/l Cost per litre 283.23 Rs 17 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Technical Specifications

18. Specifications of Battery Type Lithium Ion Current Rating 28Ah Voltage Rating 12V Number of battery cells 4 Connection Series Combined Voltage 48V Height 71mm Width 100mm Length 162mm Weight of one battery 1.71 kg Charging time for 3.5A charger 8 hours 18 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Technical Specifications

19. Specifications of Motor Type BLDC Power Rating 2000W Voltage Rating 48V Current Rating 51.3A Weight 12 kg Total Height 110V Total Width 107mm Total Length 169mm Rated Speed 2000 rpm 19 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Technical Specifications

20. Specifications of Charger Type Onboard Charger Input Voltage 2000W Input Current 12V Output Voltage 4V Output Current 3.5A Specifications of Controller Operating Current 60A Operating Voltage 48V DC Phase Angle 120 Degree Specifications of DC-DC Converter Type Sine-wave Voltage Rating 48V 20 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Technical Specifications

21. Tasks Timeline Status Completed In progress Planned Literature Review 19-10-23 To 23-10-23 Planning and Collection of Hardware 24-10-23 To 22-11-23 Comparative Calculation 23-11-23 To 02-12-23 Hardware Implementation 03-12-23 To 17-12-23 Output Result Compilation 18-12-23 To 27-12-23 Report Writing 28-12-23 To 11-01-24 21 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Progress Summary

22. It’s applications are as Follow: Electric bikes can be used for buying groceries or other items. Electric bikes make it easier to travel to your job or school. E-bikes are increasingly popular for food delivery services. E-bikes are employed by medical professionals for home visits, providing a convenient mode of transportation for healthcare services. E-bikes are used for courier services to deliver small packages and documents, reducing delivery times in urban areas. 22 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Applications

23. To design a cost efficient bike whose running cost is 1/4 th than IC engine bike. It reduces the air pollution by reducing the use of fossil fuel so it is environment friendly and also favors the currency strength. It provides ease of maintenance as compared to IC engine because of less moving parts. 23 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency Conclusion

24. 24 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References [1] Wolf, M. J., Emerson, J. W., Esty, D. C., de Sherbinin , A., Wendling, Z. A. “ 2022 Environmental Performance Index.” epi.yale.edu. https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2022/country/pak . [2] “ Most polluted country and region ranking based on annual average PM2.5 concentration ( μg /m³).” IQAir.com. https://www.iqair.com/world-most-polluted-countries (accessed 2022). [3] Suleman Akram, Salman Raza, Dr, Khalid Mushtaq. “Petroleum Sector of Pakistan and its Trade Dynamics.” tdap.gov.pk . https://tdap.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/13-Petroleum-Sector-of-Pakistan-and-its-Trade-Dynamics-1.pdf (accessed 2021).

25. 25 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References Cont.. [4] “Pakistan Gasoline Prices .” tradingeconomics.com. https://tradingeconomics.com/pakistan/gasoline-prices (accessed Sep 2023). [5] Akash Anil Vaidya, Prof. T.S.Sagar , Saket P. Joshi, 'Conversion of IC engine bike into electric motor bike', Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), April 2019, Volume 6, no. 4, pp. 486-489. [6] Atul Kaushik, ' Conversion of petrol bike to an electric bike ',  International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences (IJIRMPS) , 2022, Volume 10, no. 2 , pp. 125-132. [7] G.Uma Maheshwari, B.Vimalan , K.Vimalnath , K. Witney Jefferson, N.Vignesh , ' Cost effective conversion of electric bike ’,

26. 26 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References Cont.. International Research Journal of Engineering and Techology (IRJET), May 2020, Volume 7, no. 5, pp. 1712-1717. [8] Nirmal A Kumar, Navaneeth M, Allan Sabu Joseph , “ Retrofitting of Conventional Two-Wheelers to Electric Two-Wheelers ,” in 13 th IEEE PES Asia Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC)., 2001 . [9] Wilmer Martinez, Camilo Cortes, Luis Munoz, “Sizing of Ultra capacitors and batteries for a high performance Electric Vehicle,” in IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference ., April 16, 2012. [10] Ali Eydgahi , Mr. Edward Lee Long IV , “ Converting an Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle to an Electric Vehicle ,” in Proceedings of ASEE Annual Conference., June, 2011. [11] Junhui Cheng, Chengling Lu, Gang Zhang, Congbing Wu,

27. 27 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References Cont.. Yourui Huang, “Research of design of Electric Vehicle Controller Based on Brushless DC Motor ,” in Proceedings of the 36 th Chinese Control Conference. , July 26 – 28, 2017, pp. 10132-10136. [12] Tehseen Ilahi, Tausif Zahid, Muhammad Zahid, Muzaffar Iqbal, Abdullah Sindhila , Quqan Tahir , “ Design Parameter and Simulation Analysis of Electric Bike Using Bi-Directional Power Converter ,” in Proc. Of the 2 nd International Conference on Electrical Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)., June 12-13, 2020 . [13] Muhammad Fadhil Suwarman , Irza Kusuma, Jihad Furqani , “ Optimization Design to Increase Efficiency of 350 W Outer Rotor Brushless DC Motor for Urban Electric Bicycle ,” in 4th International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Power

28. 28 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References Cont.. Systems (ICHVEPS) .,2023. [14] Navaneeth M, Jithin J, Jasim Ali M, Swathi PV, “Improved E-bike charger suitable for advanced charging algorithms,” in International Conference on Communication, Control and Information Sciences ( ICCISc ) ., 2023 . [15] Jiyoung Lee, Jongmoo Kim, and Byungchul Woo, “Optimal Design of In-wheel Motor for an E-bike,” in IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia - Pacific (ITEC)., June 1-4, 2016 , pp. 441-443. [16] Sudirman Yahya and Nofiansah , “Analysis of Conventional Bicycle Assembly Transformed into an Electric Bicycle Using a BLDC Electric Motor,” in International Journal of Research In Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS)., April 1, 2023, pp. 36-44.

29. 29 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References Cont.. [17] Sarvesha Y V, Swati Narula, “Analytical Modeling and Designing of SMPMSM for Electric Bike Application,” in 4th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)., 2019, pp. 118-124. [18] Erdal KILIC, “Design and application of two-person electric vehicle,” in World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, Asia - Pacific (ITEC)., 2022 , pp. 281-286. [19] Victor Huatuco - Villena , Julio Motta Claudio, Pedro Miguel Portillo-Mendoza, Carlos Sotomayor-Beltran, “ Boosting a Regular Bicycle into a Low-cost E-bike for Public Urban Transportation ,” in International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology., April 12, 2023, pp. 309-322.

30. 30 Converting IC Engine Bike To Electric Bike With Enhanced Efficiency References Cont.. [20] A Karthi , N Afridhin , D Aravind, G Kamalesh, K Rathish Kumar, 'Design and Fabrication of an Electric Bike’, Feb 2020, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 2377-2383. [21] Micheal . “Engineer Your Own Motorcycle .” instructables.com. https://www.instructables.com/Engineer-Your-Own-Electric-Motorcycle/ [22] Bennelson . “Build Your Own Electric Moorcycle .” instructables.com. https://www.instructables.com/Build-Your-Own-ELECTRIC-MOTORCYCLE/