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1. Comparative study of smart concrete for sustainable practice GROUP MEMBERS UNDER GUIDANCE OF Aneeq Butt Engr. Sumaira Ismail Usama Javed Engr. Wishah Qaiser Muhammad Shahid Department of Civil Engineering Azhar Sharif M . Noorullah Palijo

2. CONTENT 1. Introducing Smart Concrete The Problem with Traditional Concrete Research Objectives Scope of the Study Methodology 2. Literature Review The Environmental Impact of Concrete Innovations in Smart Concrete Glass Fiber Concrete (GFC) Carbon Fiber Concrete (CFC) The Future of Smart Concrete 3. Methodology Materials Sample Preparation Research Design Experimental Setup Testing Procedures

3. Introducing Smart Concrete Waste Material Substitutes Smart concrete utilizes waste materials like fly ash and blast furnace slag to replace a portion of the cement, reducing the environmental impact . Fiber Reinforcement Adding glass and carbon fibers to concrete makes it stronger and more durable, solving problems found with traditional reinforcement. Sustainable Approach Smart concrete offers eco-friendly and durable solutions for construction.

4. The Problem with Traditional Concrete High CO2 Emissions Making traditional Portland cement significantly increases global carbon dioxide emissions . Durability Issues Concrete buildings often need a lot of maintenance and repairs to last a long time . Environmental Impact The construction industry's use of energy-heavy materials and methods harms the environment.

5. Research Objectives Analyze Fiber Behavior Glass and carbon fibers in concrete improve strength and durability, even at high temperatures. Assess Spalling and Strength Study how smart concrete handles cracking and keeps its strength in extreme conditions . Develop Predictive Models Use FEM simulations to understand and improve how fibers and concrete work together.

6. Scope of the Study Concrete Types We'll study strong concrete (M45 grade) and test how glass and carbon fibers can make it even stronger . Fiber Properties Glass fibers are strong and cheap, while carbon fibers are very stiff and resistant to chemicals and heat . Performance Evaluation The study will test how strong smart concrete is under pressure and tension, and how it reacts to high temperatures and fire . Sustainability Focus Research will find the best and cheapest way to make concrete buildings last longer without harming the environment.

7. Methodology Mix Design We'll test how strong concrete is when we replace some cement with metakaolin , fly ash, or both, to find the best combination for strength Fiber Reinforcement Adding polyester fibers makes concrete stronger and we'll check how well it performs. Testing and Analysis Perform various tests to find the best mix of ingredients for concrete, considering strength, density, and other factors

8. The Environmental Impact of Concrete Massive Carbon Footprint Making concrete creates a lot of CO2, about 6-9% of global emissions, totaling around 25 billion tons each year. Resource Intensive Concrete is the second most used material, right after water, and it has a big environmental impact because of how it's made from extracting and processing resources. Waste and Pollution Construction makes a lot of waste, and making concrete can release harmful stuff into the environment.

9. Innovations in Smart Concrete Self-Monitoring Smart concrete has sensors that check how concrete buildings are doing, giving important info for keeping them safe and in good shape. Self-Healing Smart concrete can fix itself by adding things like unhydrated cement or bacteria to fill cracks and stop more damage.

10. Glass Fiber Concrete (GFC) Improved Strength Glass fiber-reinforced concrete uses a bit of glass fibers to make it stronger, tougher, and better at handling impacts, useful for places that get a lot of stress and hitting . Alkali-Resistant Glass Scientists made alkali-resistant glass fibers to make GFC even stronger, fixing the problem of glass fibers breaking easily when pulled.

11. Carbon Fiber Concrete (CFC) High Strength and Stiffness Carbon fibers have a high strength-to-weight ratio and can significantly enhance the tensile strength and stiffness of concrete , Cost Reduction Because we're making more carbon fibers, especially pitch-based ones, they're cheaper now, so more people can use CFC for different things.

12. The Future of Smart Concrete Sensor Integration Putting sensors in concrete helps keep an eye on how it's doing, so we can fix problems before they get worse, using up-to-date info . Improved Durability Adding strong fibers and conductive stuff makes concrete buildings tougher, more durable, and last longer.

13. Materials Carbon Fiber Carbon fiber is popular in concrete because it's really strong. The one we're using, a chopped strand mat with a 3k setup, is cheap but still super tough . Basalt Fiber Basalt fiber is a promising option, it's cheap and as strong as S-glass. In this study, we're using it in its filament form, offering a unique reinforcement choice. Micro Rebar Micro rebar by Helix is a new way to strengthen concrete. It's twisted steel that's added to concrete to make it stronger.

14. Sample Preparation Mixing We made the concrete mixes with glass and carbon fibers by mixing them with cement and water in a machine to blend everything well . Curing We took the samples out of the molds after 24 hours and then soaked them in water and covered them with plastic every day to simulate real-life conditions. Casting We poured the concrete mixes into standard molds carefully to avoid breaking fibers or clumping. during the casting process.

15. Research Design Comparative Analysis We tested both glass and carbon fiber-reinforced concrete to compare their strength and other qualities, running various tests to see how much they improved . Mix Design Optimization We first figured out the best mix for glass fiber concrete, making sure it matched the mix for carbon fiber concrete to avoid differences .

16. Experimental Setup Temperature Simulation We let the concrete dry naturally without heaters, copying real-world conditions with temperature and water evaporation . Air Flow Considerations We placed the cores carefully to avoid air gaps from bad vibration or mix consistency, and to prevent glass fibers from soaking up too much wate

17. Testing Procedures Cube Preparation We made 150x150x150mm cubes using glass and carbon fiber concrete, adding fibers at standard percentages based on the weight of cement . Curing and Testing We cured the concrete cubes for different durations (7, 14 , and 28 days) and tested them to see how well they held up under tension and compression .

18. References Ahmad , J. & Zhou, Z., 2022. Mechanical properties of natural as well as synthetic fiber reinforced concrete: a review . Jain , S., Singhal , S., Jain, N. K., & Bhaskar , K., 2020. Construction and demolition waste recycling: Investigating the role of theory of planned behavior, institutional pressures and environmental consciousness Assaad , R. & El- Adaway , I. H., 2021. Guidelines for responding to COVID-19 pandemic: Best practices, impacts, and future research directions. Wang , W., Shen, A., Lyu , Z., He, Z. and Nguyen, K.T., 2021. Fresh and rheological characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete——A review Nilimaa , J., 2023. Smart materials and technologies for sustainable concrete construction