G10 Science Q1-W1-3-Distribution of Earthquake (1).pptx

G10 Science Q1-W1-3-Distribution of Earthquake (1).pptx

1. THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKE EPICENTERS, ACTIVE VOLCANOES AND MOUNTAIN RANGES

2. Most Essential Learning Competencies Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters , and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory

3. World Plates and World Map

4. What is Plate Tectonic Theory? Plate tectonics  is a scientific theory   that  Earth ’ s  Lithosphere comprises a number of large  tectonic plates , which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of  continental drift , an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by  geoscientists  after  seafloor spreading  was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s.

5. What are Plates?

6. WHAT IS A PLATE? The sections into which the lithosphere is cracked. The surface of the Earth is divided into 7 major and 8 minor plates. The largest plates are the Antarctic, Eurasian, and North American plates. Plates are on average 125km thick, reaching maximum thickness below mountain ranges. Oceanic plates (50-100km) are thinner than the continental plates (up to 200km) and even thinner at the ocean ridges where the temperatures are higher. Some plates are large enough to consist of both continental and oceanic crustal portions (e.g. the African or South American plates) while the Pacific Plate is almost entirely oceanic.

7. Objectives: Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and major mountain belts. Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric Plates. Compare the locations of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes around the world.

8. Activity 1: Let’s Mark the Boundaries DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Materials: Fig.5: Map of the Earthquake distribution Fig. 6: Map of Active Volcanoes of the World Fig. 7: Mountain Ranges of the World 2 pieces plastic sheet 2 marking pens(different Colors)

9. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION GROUP 1: PROCEDURE Study Figure 5 showing the earthquake distribution around the world. Trace the approximate locations of several earthquake “clusters” using a marking pen on one of the plastic sheets. Answer the following questions: a. How are earthquake distributed on the map? b. Where are they located? c. Where are places with no earthquakes? d. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes?

10. Fig. 5. Map of earthquake distribution (red, green and blue dots represents the earthquake epicenters

11. GROUP 2: PROCEDURES Study the map of active Volcanoes in Figure 6. On the second plastic sheet, sketch the approximate locations of several volcanoes using a marking pen. Answer the following questions: a. How are volcanoes distributed? b. Where are they located? c. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic eruption.

12. Fig. 6. Map of active volcanoes (red areas represent presence of volcanoes)

13. GROUP 3: PROCEDURE Study the Figure 7, the orange portions indicate mountain ranges of the world. Question: How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?

14. Fig. 7. Map of mountain ranges of the world

15. Group Presentation

16. Fig. 5. Map of earthquake distribution (red, green and blue dots represents the earthquake epicenters

17. Distribution of quakes equal or greater than M5 (1980-1990) The world’s earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the Earth’s surface. They tend to be concentrated in narrow zones. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?

18. Where are they located? Some are located near the edges of the continents, some are in mid-continents, while others are in oceans. Where are places with no earthquakes? Paviodar , Karaganda, etc. Large part of the Pacific Ocean, northernmost Asia, majority of Europe, eastern portion of North and South America and western Africa.

19. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes? It is important to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes so that necessary precautions could be done if ever you’re living in one of those places.

20. Fig. 6. Map of active volcanoes (red areas represent presence of volcanoes)

21. Location of some of Earth’s major volcanoes How are volcanoes distributed on the map? Volcanoes are not randomly distributed. Majority of them are found along the edges of some continents.

22. Where are they located? Majority are found along the edges of some continents, particularly in the western coast of North and South America, East and South East Asia. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic eruption? New York, Chicago, Canada, etc.

23. Compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes around the world. What can you say? Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are both situated at the same locations.

24. Fig. 7. Map of mountain ranges of the world

25. Earth’s major mountain chains Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes and earthquake epicenters are also located. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of earthquake and volcanoes?

26. Plate Boundaries

27. What do you think is the basis of scientist in dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several plates? Geologic activities such as seismicity (occurrence of earthquake), volcanism and mountain formation are the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere.

28. Remember: Places on earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains and volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate . Each plate is slowly moving relative to each other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries.

29. Remember: Plates are large pieces of the upper few hundred kilometers of Earth that move as a single unit as it floats above the mantle. As plates interact along their margins, important geological processes take place, such as the formation of mountain belts, earthquakes, and volcanoes.

30. Content, images, text, etc. used belong to the rightful owner. No copyright infringement intended.