Gaillardia crop

Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.

1. WELCOME

2. DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ASPEE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE & FORESTRY NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI-396 450 PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF GAILLARDIA SUBJECT : (FLA - 503 ) Production Technology of Loose flowers Submitted by Solanki Kaushikkumar Satyanarayan 1 st sem M.Sc.( Horti ) Dept. of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture ACHF, NAU Navsari Submitted to Dr. S. L. Chawla Associate Professor Dept. of Floriculture and landscape architecture ACHF, NAU Navsari

3. INTRODUCTION Botanical name -  Gaillardia pulchella L. Family - Asteraceae Origin - Central and western united states Chromosome No – 2n=36 Common Name – Indian Blanket, Firewheel , Girasol Rojo Colour : Y ellow, coppery scarlet, orange-brown golden yellow, orange, crimson-banded yellow. The genus Gaillardia was named in honour of Gaillard de Marentoneau French botanist.

4. IMPORTANCE Grown in herbaceous borders and beds Suitable for cut flowers and loose flowers Besides in landscape, useful in reducing erosion in coastal dune areas. It is grown in summer and rainy season when there is a scarcity of flowers for decoration and cut flower

5. BOTANY These plants annual/perennial The stem is usually branching & erect to maximum height of 80cm. leaves are alternatively arranged . The inflorescence is solitary flower head Head having 15 or more ray florets The flowers bloom in the summer. They will grow under very harsh and dry condition

6. SPECIES Gaillardia has about 30 species. There are two types of gaillardias annuals and perennials. Annual gaillardias include G.pulchella and G.amblyodon . Whereas, perennial gaillardias include G.aristata . They are suitable for dry land and require low maintenance.

7. Gaillardia amblyodon Michx Its an annual species native to Texas. It attains height up to 60 cm and is a free flowering plant. The plants bloom during June to October.

8. Gaillardia grandiflora : It is native to USA and continuous blooms from June to October. Flower size is around 8 to 12 cm. Red centers with bright yellow edges on uniform flowers make this blanket flower a sunny garden delight. Important varieties :- Burgundy, The King, Wirral Flame, Ipswich Beauty Mrs. H.Longsten.

9. Important varieties :- Indian Chief, Golden Yellow, Pure Yellow, Chameleon, Lollypop Yellow Lollypop Orange, Sunshine strain Gaity Double, Double Tetra Fiesta Bremen Dazzler Goblin Regalis , Gaillardia pulchella :- Fire wheel It is originated to central United States. Red centers with bright yellow edges Another annual species blooms continuously from early summer late autumn DGS-1 released by UAS Dharwad . It is grown in all the seasons

10. Gaillardia aestivalis – Gaillardia aestivalis var. aestivalis – Lance leaf Blanket Gaillardia aestivalis var. flavovirens Gaillardia aestivalis var. winkleri -Winkler's Blanketflower

11. Gaillardia arizonica – Gaillardia arizonica var. arizonica – Arizona Blanket flower Gaillardia arizonica var. pringlei – Pringle's Blanket flower

12. Gaillardia coahuilensis – Bandanna Daisy Gaillardia flava – Yellow Blanket flower

13. Gaillardia multiceps – Gaillardia multiceps var. microcephala – Onion Blanketflower Gaillardia multiceps var. multiceps – Onion Blanketflower

14. Gaillardia pinnatifida – Gaillardia pinnatifida var. linearis – Red Dome Blanketflower Gaillardia pinnatifida var. pinnatifida – Red Dome Blanketflower

15. SOIL AND CLIMATE Gaillardia can be grown in wide range of soil but well-drained, salt free and fertile soil is preferred. In case of heavy soil, around 20 per cent sand should be mixed for better growth and development of plant. Gaillardia is usually thrives well as long as it is growing in full sun. Gaillardia is hardy plant successfully grown in a wide range of climate from tropical to temperate beds and pots

16. PROPAGATION Perennial gaillardia can be propagated by division, cuttings and seeds. The optimum time of propagation is spring and autumn. For cutting, 6-8 cm terminal portion should be taken and shear off basal leaves than insert individually in potting mixture of sand and peat (2:1). Annual gaillardia is propagated by seed . Gaillardia seed don’t have dormancy

17. SOWING AND TRANSPLANTING Seeds can be sown on raised beds in month of September or march according to climate. It requries around 2.5 kg/ha . When seedling attained 3-4 true leaves with stronger main stem at about one month are ready for transplanting. Seedlings should be transplanted in well-prepared land in the evening hours. It is transplanted with Spacing of 30 X 20 or 30 X 30 cm . A light irrigation is essential just after transplanting.

18. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS Well decomposed farmyard manure at 15t/ha should be applied during land preparation. Besides, 150 kg N (Nitrogen), 100 kg P (Phosphorus) and 100 kg K (Potash) per hectare should be applied. Half of the nitrogen, full dose of phosphorus and potash should be applied as basal dose and remaining half nitrogen should be applied after one month of transplanting.

19. INTER – CULTURE OPERATION As and when gaillardia finishes flowering in late autumn, the stems should be cut after leaving basal foliages for further flowering in next season Weeding :- 15- 20 days after transplanting we done hand weeding. Irrigation :- After 8 -10 days .

20. FLOWER REGULATION Gaillardia begins to flower after two months of transplanting. It has a long period of flowering. Removal of wilted flowers helps in prolonging the flowering period of gaillardia. Some growth regulators also have significant on morphological characters, flower production and seed Yield. TIBA (2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid) @ 200 ppm and kinetin @ 50 ppm produce significantly higher yield .

21. HARVESTING AND YIELD Flowers are harvested or cut at fully opened stage with long stems for cut flowers and without stem for loose flowers in cool hours. Flower yield depends upon season, type and variety of planting and cultural practices adopted. An average fresh flower yield of 25 t/ha can be obtained. Flowers are packed in bamboo basket or gunny bags.

22. PESTS AND DISEASES No serious pests or diseases affect Gaillardias. But, sometimes it can be affected by insects like thrips, aphids, etc. and diseases like damping off and powdery mildew.

23. REFERNCES Google sources Gaillardia wikipedia Floriculture at a glance ..DESH RAJ

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