gamma rays

Gamma Rays (γ)
(noun) penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
Gamma rays ( often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) is an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactivity or nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron destruction

1. Gamma ray Adesyifa Maulida Ayu Lintang Cahyani Bahtiar Rifai Carolus Ivander

2. Definition Gamma rays (often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) is an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactivity or nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay.

3. Inventor F igures In the end of 1890, Bacquerel discovered radioactivity inadvertently. He covered the uranium salt by using thick black paper and put it on the photographic plate. And then he put it into the drawer without exposed it to sunlight first. A few days later he found that the photographic plate became dark. He speculated that the radiation is stronger than the X ray. Antoine Henri Becquerel

4. Gamma ray is discovered by French chemist and physicist, Paul Ulrich Villard  in 1900 while studying the radiation emanating from Radium, Polonium and Uranium. He finds that gamma-ray can not be deflected by magnetic fields. Inventor F igures Paul Ulrich Villard

5. In 1914, Ernest Rutherford and Edward Andrade showed that gamma rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation by measuring their wavelengths using crystal diffraction. The measured wavelengths were similar to those of X-rays and are very short. It wa s Ernest Rutherford who named gamma rays . Inventor F igures Edward Neville da Costa Andrade Ernest Rutherford

6. Frequency Gamma rays typically have frequencies above 10 exahertz (or >10 19 Hz), and therefore have energies above 100 keV

7. Wavelength Gamma rays typically have wavelengths less than 10 picometers (10 −12 meter), which is less than the diameter of an atom . Gamma rays are electromagnetic wave which have the highest frequency and the shortest wave This wave has the big energy and can through metal and concrete

8. Electromagnet Spectrum

9. Characteristic of gamma ray Radiation of short wavelength and high frequency Not deflected in a magnetic field The greatest energy The strongest penetration

10. Electron–positron annihilation Electron–positron annihilation occurs when an electron (e−) and a positron (e+, the electron's antiparticle ) collide. The result of the collision is the annihilation of the electron and positron, and the creation of gamma ray photons e− + e+ →  γ + γ

11. Radioactive decay An excited nucleus can decay by the emission of an α or β particle. The daughter nucleus that results is usually left in an excited state. It can then decay to a lower energy state by emitting a gamma ray photon, in a process called gamma decay.

12. Gamma Rays and X-rays They act somewhat like a particle at times in that they occur as small "packets" of energy and are referred to as " photons." They differ in their origin. Gamma rays originate in the nucleus. X-rays originate in the electron fields surrounding the nucleus or are machine-produced.

13. Sources Natural sources of gamma rays on Earth include gamma decay from naturally occurring radioisotopes such as potassium-40, and also as a secondary radiation from various atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles. Some rare terrestrial natural sources that produce gamma rays that are not of a nuclear origin, are lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, which produce high energy emissions from natural high-energy voltages. Gamma rays are produced by a number of astronomical processes in which very high-energy electrons are produced. Such electrons produce secondary gamma rays by the mechanisms of bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton scattering and synchrotron radiation. A large fraction of such astronomical gamma rays are screened by Earth's atmosphere and must be detected by spacecraft. Notable artificial sources of gamma rays include fission such as occurs in nuclear reactors, and high energy physics experiments, such as neutral pion decay and nuclear fusion

14. Application Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope Preserving of sorghum Mutasi Gen

15. Preserving of Sorghum

16. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope This animation tracks several gamma rays through space and time, from their emission in the jet of a distant blazar to their arrival in Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). (video)

17. Gamma Camera Gamma Camera Equipment is a tool used in nuclear medical depiction, to see and analyze or diagnose overview of the human body by detecting the radiation beam from a radio isotope that is inserted into the patient's body

18. First,patient are given clinical management base on the case he felt , then the patient will be placed on the patient table , de tector will be directed to the organ examined . The detector will detect particle radiation that emitted by the isotope that accumulate in the organs . Pul se electricity generated by the detector will be amplified by the amplifier circuit early the pulse energy that correspon d to the weight of the isotopes are passed , by engineering logic is formed into a signal pulse signal Z. X , Y and Z was generated , is fed to the input interface module imaging to be converted into digital signals that can be understood by software acquisitions on the computer . The results of the data recording will be imaged by acquisition software Medic view be patient organ image , then the image of this organ performed using analysis , image data processing , file storage , reporting and sending files to physicians and other parts for further treatment .

19. Gamma Ray Container Scanner

20. Gamma Ray Container Scanner This device contain s radiation source in which there are cobalt-60, and able to emit radiation at 0.75 curies which can penetrate up to 15–18 cm of steel The radiation is caught by the a vertical tower of gamma detector and then translated by VACIS (Vehicle and Cargo Inspections) software application into an image The image has an extention . tif and can be annotated by a voice file that has and extention .wav And then the image will be analyzed by image analyst

21. Conclusion Gamma rays are an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactivity or nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation. Gamma rays are the rays that have the most powerful of emerge power in comparison with alpha and beta rays, gamma rays are so light that has a wavelength higher than the other beam.

22. References https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/gamma.htm http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/gamma.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray