GEN-BIO_CELL-THEORY-FINISH.ppt-GRADES 7-12x

GENERAL BILOGY TOPIC

1. General biology 1 Postulates of cell theory The word “ BIO ” means LIFE

2. biology The word “ BIO ” means LIFE Biology is the study of life

3. biology The word “ BIO ” means LIFE Biology is the study of life It deals with structures, functions a nd relationship of organism with t heir environment.

4. Biology is the study of life It deals with structures, functions a nd relationship of organism with t heir environment.

5. Let’s start with the structure of life Cell theory The history of cell theory is a tale of discovery and collaboration that spans centuries. It is the foundation of modern biology and our understanding of life at the cellular level. The theory describes the fundamental unit of life as the cell and asserts that all living organisms are composed of cells.

6. Let’s start with the structure of life Cell theory The history of cell theory is a tale of discovery and collaboration that spans centuries. It is the foundation of modern biology and our understanding of life at the cellular level. The theory describes the fundamental unit of life as the cell and asserts that all living organisms are composed of cells.

7. WHAT IS A CELL ? LET’S FIND OUT

8. IS THIS CELL? THIS IS CELL

9. IS THIS CELL? THIS IS CELL

10. Cells are  the basic building blocks of all living things . The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions.

11. Cells are  so small that we cannot see it without microscope, so how do we know they existed in the first place?

12. Here's a synthesized version of the history of cell theory: E arly Observations: In the 17th century, the invention of the microscope allowed scientists to observe tiny structures not visible to the naked eye. Robert Hooke, in 1665, examined cork slices under a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the small compartments he observed, likening them to the cells of a monastery. Leeuwenhoek's Discoveries: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, improved the microscope's design and made significant observations of living organisms in the 17th century. He described microorganisms, which he called "animalcules," in various substances, expanding the understanding of the diversity of life.

13. Here's a synthesized version of the history of cell theory: E arly Observations: In the 17th century, the invention of the microscope allowed scientists to observe tiny structures not visible to the naked eye. Robert Hooke, in 1665, examined cork slices under a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the small compartments he observed, likening them to the cells of a monastery. Leeuwenhoek's Discoveries: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, improved the microscope's design and made significant observations of living organisms in the 17th century. He described microorganisms, which he called "animalcules," in various substances, expanding the understanding of the diversity of life . Schwann and Schleiden: In the early 19th century, German botanist Matthias Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells. German zoologist Theodor Schwann extended this idea in the 1830s, suggesting that animals are also made up of cells. Together, Schleiden and Schwann laid the groundwork for the first two tenets of cell theory

14. Here's a synthesized version of the history of cell theory: Leeuwenhoek's Discoveries: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, improved the microscope's design and made significant observations of living organisms in the 17th century. He described microorganisms, which he called "animalcules," in various substances, expanding the understanding of the diversity of life . Schwann and Schleiden: In the early 19th century, German botanist Matthias Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells. German zoologist Theodor Schwann extended this idea in the 1830s, suggesting that animals are also made up of cells. Together, Schleiden and Schwann laid the groundwork for the first two tenets of cell theory Cell Theory Formulation: In the mid-19th century, German physician Rudolf Virchow added the third tenet to cell theory. He proposed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. With this addition, the cell theory was complete: All living organisms are composed of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function, and Cells come from pre-existing cells.

15. Here's a synthesized version of the history of cell theory: Schwann and Schleiden: In the early 19th century, German botanist Matthias Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells. German zoologist Theodor Schwann extended this idea in the 1830s, suggesting that animals are also made up of cells. Together, Schleiden and Schwann laid the groundwork for the first two tenets of cell theory Cell Theory Formulation: In the mid-19th century, German physician Rudolf Virchow added the third tenet to cell theory. He proposed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division. With this addition, the cell theory was complete: All living organisms are composed of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function, and Cells come from pre-existing cells . POSTULATES OF CELL THEORY

16. What are the postulates of cell theory, and how do they contribute to our understanding of life at the cellular level? All living organisms are composed of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function, and Cells come from pre-existing cells . Together, these postulates of the cell theory have transformed our understanding of life. They have provided a unifying framework for biology, enabling scientists to explore the diversity of life forms and discover the common underlying principles that govern living organisms. The cell theory has laid the groundwork for modern cell biology, genetics, medicine, and various other scientific fields, shaping our understanding of life's complexities at the cellular level.

17. What are the postulates of cell theory, and how do they contribute to our understanding of life at the cellular level? Together, these postulates of the cell theory have transformed our understanding of life. They have provided a unifying framework for biology, enabling scientists to explore the diversity of life forms and discover the common underlying principles that govern living organisms. The cell theory has laid the groundwork for modern cell biology, genetics, medicine, and various other scientific fields, shaping our understanding of life's complexities at the cellular level. All living organisms are composed of cells, Cells are the basic units of structure and function, and Cells come from pre-existing cells .

18. Cell Part ii

19. Cells are  the basic building blocks of all living things . The human body is composed of trillions of cells. They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions.

20. CELL ORGANELLES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 2: THE MAJOR ORGANELLES AND SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLES Major Organelles: These are organelles that are fundamental to the overall function and survival of the cell. They are typically involved in essential processes and are present in most eukaryotic cells.

21. Major Organelles: These are organelles that are fundamental to the overall function and survival of the cell. They are typically involved in essential processes and are present in most eukaryotic cells. CELL ORGANELLES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 2: THE MAJOR ORGANELLES AND SUBCELLULAR ORGANELLES Nucleus: The control center of the cell, housing genetic material (DNA) and directing cell activities

22. Nucleus The control center of the cell, housing genetic material (DNA) and directing cell activities Major Organelles: These are organelles that are fundamental to the overall function and survival of the cell. They are typically involved in essential processes and are present in most eukaryotic cells.

23. Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell, responsible for energy production through cellular respiration. Major Organelles: These are organelles that are fundamental to the overall function and survival of the cell. They are typically involved in essential processes and are present in most eukaryotic cells.

24. PLASMA/CELL Membrane: Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell and plays a role in cell communication.

25. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, as well as transport within the cell.

26. Golgi BODY : Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for distribution within and outside the cell.

27. Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion and recycling.

28. Chloroplasts in plant cells: Sites of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

29. Subcellular Organelles: These are organelles that have specific functions, often in specific cell types or under certain conditions. While they might not be present in all cells, they still play important roles.

30. Nucleolus: Found within the nucleus, it's involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly. Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxifies certain substances. Vesicles and Vacuoles: Membrane-bound sacs that store and transport various substances within the cell. Peroxisomes: Participate in fatty acid metabolism and detoxification. Ribosomes: Involved in protein synthesis. Microtubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments: Components of the cytoskeleton, involved in structural support and intracellular transport. Centrioles (in animal cells): Play a role in organizing microtubules during cell division.

31. LET’S SIMPLIFY

32. How are the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles related to the overall functioning of cells? Each organelle's structure is tailored to its specific function, and their coordinated activities contribute to cellular processes like protein synthesis, waste breakdown, detoxification, and more. In summary, the structure of each organelle is intricately designed to carry out specific functions essential for the overall functioning of cells. These organelles work in concert, allowing cells to perform various activities required for life. The interplay between their functions ensures that the cell can grow, replicate, respond to stimuli, and maintain a dynamic equilibrium with its environment.

33. General biology 1 Postulates of cell theory , CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

34. General biology 1 Postulates of cell theory , CELL ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS THANK YOU FOR LISTENING