Gen-chem-report-_20250911_091816_0000.pdf

For General Chemistry

1. QUANTUM MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE
ATOM
QUANTUM MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE
ATOM By Me

2. HISTORY OF THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL
HISTORY OF THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL The quantum mechanical model of the atom was mainly developed in
the 1926 by Erwin Schrödinger, who introduced the Schrödinger
Equation, and Werner Heisenberg, who proposed the Uncertainty
Principle. Their work built upon earlier contributions from Max
Planck (quantized energy), Albert Einstein (photoelectric effect),
and Niels Bohr (energy levels). Together, their discoveries formed
the modern and most accurate model of the atom.

5. QUANTUM MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE ATOM
QUANTUM MECHANICAL
DESCRIPTION OF THE ATOM The quantum mechanical model says that electrons do
not move in fixed circular orbits. Instead, they are
found in regions called orbitals, which are like “clouds”
showing where they are most likely to be. According to
the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, we cannot know
both the exact position and momentum of an electron at
the same time.

8. THE SCHRÖDINGER
EQUATION
THE SCHRÖDINGER
EQUATIONThere are two main forms of the Schrödinger
Equation:
Time-dependent (general form)
Time-independent (simplified form)

9. TIME DEPENDENT EQUATION TIME DEPENDENT EQUATION Describes how the quantum state of a system evolves over time.

10. TIME-INDEPENDENT SCHRÖDINGER
EQUATION (TISE)
TIME-INDEPENDENT SCHRÖDINGER
EQUATION (TISE) Describes stationary states where the system’s
energy doesn’t change over time.

11. ENERGY LEVELS AND
QUANTIZATION
ENERGY LEVELS AND
QUANTIZATION Electrons stay only in specific energy levels around the nucleus, not
in between.
Quantization: Energy levels are like steps on a ladder — electrons can
only stand on a step, not in the middle.
Ground State: the lowest, most stable energy level.
Excited State: when an electron absorbs energy and jumps to a
higher level. When it falls back, it releases energy as light (photon).

13. WHY IS THE QUANTUM
MECHANICAL MODEL
IMPORTANT?
WHY IS THE QUANTUM
MECHANICAL MODEL
IMPORTANT?

14. WHY IS THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL IMPORTANT?”
WHY IS THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL
MODEL IMPORTANT?” This model explains why elements have unique spectral
lines, how atoms form bonds, and why each element
behaves differently. It is considered the most accurate
and complete description of the atom that we have
today.

15. THANK YOUTHANK YOU