Gender and sexuality

all about gender and sexuality

1. GENDER AND SEXUALITY

2. Reporters’ Notice This report contains pictures and videos about the topic “Gender and Sexuality” that is assigned to us. All pictures and videos on this presentation is NOT our own property. These are used for educational purposes only and no copyright infringement.

3. SEX Sex : Biological sex is our anatomy as female, male, or intersex. It includes our internal and external sex organs, chromosomes, and hormones

4. Biochemistry Hormones Males have higher testosterone levels Females have higher estrogen levels 4 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay, Ph.D.

5. Genetics Fe male Male 5 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

6. TERMINOLOGIES Male: XY (♂)  -organism is the physiological sex that produces sperm.

7. TERMINOLOGIES Female: XX (♀) is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that produces non-mobile ova (egg cells).

8. Intersex categories Turner’s Syndrome – X0 1:2,500 or 1:5,000 live births Not capable of producing ova or sex hormones Short with webbed skin from neck to shoulders in some cases. Can be treated with hormone therapy to trigger menstruation as well as breast and genital maturation. Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

9. Klinefelter’s Syndrome – XXY 1:500 or 1:1,000 live births Masculinization is not complete and possess some female characteristics like partial breasts. With underdeveloped penises and testes and low testosterone production. 9 Intersex categories Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

10. Pseudohermaphrodism 1:1,000 live births Male pseudohermaphrodites have XY genes and testes but external genitals are female or ambiguous Female pseudohermaphrodites have XX and ovaries with male or ambiguous external genitalia 10 Intersex categories Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay, Ph.D.

11. GENDER A concept that refers to the differences between men’s and women’s roles and responsibilities that are socially constructed, changeable over time and have wide variations within and among cultures. Refers to learned behavior and expectations to fulfill ones image of masculinity and femininity. Socially constructed Self perception Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

12. Gender Anatomy – “Anatomy is destiny” Manner of dressing Body movements and mannerism DO THIS: Look at your fingernails, look at the sole of your feet Personality traits Men are loud and aggressive, women are shy and mahinhin . Occupations/Jobs Fishing, Overseas work Attraction and choice of sexual partners “Heterosexual”, “Homosexual” 12 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

13. Gender categories Lalake Babae Bakla Tomboy Chickboy Metrosexual Baklita Etc….. 13 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

14. Gender and socialization We learn to perform gender through the family, school, peers, neighbors, society. 14 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

15. Gender Relations Gender is relational in the sense that male roles are defined vis a vis female roles. Gender relations interact with other social divisions like class, ethnicity, religion, age. 15 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

16. Gender and culture Culture uses gender attributes not only for language but for other domains as well, such as food, spaces, clothing. Sweets are for females, hard liquor are for men. Malls are gendered spaces. 16 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

17. Gender Ideology The dominant gender ideology defines what should be and should not be for each of the genders. Reinforced through language, religion, politics Ex. Patriarchy, Heterosexism 17 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

18. THEORIES of GENDER

19. ESSENTIALISM See gender differences as a reflection of naturally evolved dispositions.

20. Sigmund Frued offered an early influential essentialist explanation of male and female differences.

21. TERMINOLOGIES Masculinity - It is relating to or suited to men and boys. - Having qualities appropriate to or associated with man. - Latin word ‘ Masculinus ’ (from ‘ masculus ’ which means male).

22. TERMINOLOGIES Femininity - It is relating to or suited to women and girls. - Having qualities appropriate to or associated with woman.

23. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM It views gender as ‘ constructed ’ by social structure and culture. the distinction between male and female is a social distinction made by the society, that is, it is a social construction.

24. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM Refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours , activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.

25. SEXUALITY Encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction. Experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviors, practices, roles and relationships. Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

26. Gendered Sexualities Dixon-Mueller’s 4 dimensions of sexuality: Sexual partnerships Sexual acts Sexual meanings Sexual drives and enjoyment 26 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

27. Sexual Partnerships Number and kinds of partners Monogamy or polygamy? Extramarital relationships Sugar daddy/cougar Partnership timing Christmas, Valentine’s? Sexual debut Premarital sex 27 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

28. Sexual Partnerships Conditions and rate for change Trophy wives/partners Conditions for choice/coercion Arranged marriages It is the duty of the wife to give in to her husband’s desires. Sexual activity may be driven by a deep economic need. 28 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

29. Sexual Acts Nature of the sexual acts Woman on top or missionary position? Why are condoms flavored? Non-penetrative forms Pleasure enhancing devices Conditions of choice/coercion Rape Domestic violence in the context of love – Carino brutal 29 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

30. Sexual meanings Masculine/feminine sexuality Virginity of women is valued. Virility and potency of the men. 30 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

31. Perceptions of partnerships Men should lead, women should follow. Elderly couples are asexual. Meanings of sex acts Is oral sex already “sex” or is it foreplay? Non-reproductive, non-coital 31 Sexual meanings Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

32. Sexual drives and enjoyment Socially conditioned sex drives Men are naturally more promiscuous than women In some societies, women are thought to have powerful sex drives that require strict societal controls – ex. Burqa of the Taliban 32 Soledad Natalia M. Dalisay , Ph.D.

33. Four Dimension of Sex/Sexuality ( Judith and Jack Balswick ) Natal sex the biological and physical features that determine whether one is male or female . Sexual identity the essential sexual self-concept of an individual.

34. Four Dimension of Sex/Sexuality ( Judith and Jack Balswick ) Gender roles the expectations of a particular culture for males and females. It includes such things as manner of talk, style of dress, expressions, and behavioral expectations

35. Four Dimension of Sex/Sexuality (Judith and Jack Balswick ) Sexual orientation the “direction of one’s erotic attractions, which can be to the opposite sex (heterosexual ), the same sex (homosexual) or both sexes (bisexual)

36. TERMINOLOGIES

37. REFERENCE Sex and Gender: Beyond the binaries – Joy L. Johnson and Robin Repta Language and Gender - Eckert, Penelope and McConnell- Ginet , Sally. Glossary of Terms Relating to Sexuality and Gender - Henry A. Holmes

38. SEX: A DEEP UNDERSTANDING

39. What is Sex? - Latin  sexus   (state of being male or female) (Biology) reproductive characteristics: the set of characteristics that determine whether the reproductive role of an animal or plant is male or female Gender and Sexuality

40. What is Sex? the sum of the structural, functional, and behavioral characteristics of organisms that are involved in reproduction marked by the union of gametes and that distinguish males and females Gender and Sexuality

41. Sex vs Sexual intercourse vs Sexual Activity Sexual intercourse , or  coitus  or  copulation , is principally the insertion and thrusting of each other genitalia of each. Also known as penetrative sex. (vaginal sex, oral sex, and sex)   (The Anatomical Travelogue, 2014)

42. Sexual activity pertains to overall manifestation of human desire to have activity due to sexual desire towards their sexual orientation. (The Anatomical Travelogue, 2014 ) Sex vs Sexual intercourse vs Sexual Activity

43. What is Sex? As Lisa Fullam (as cited by Holinger , 2009) notes, “Sex can be everything from a monetary transaction without emotional meaning, to a profound experience of loving union. . . . Sex can be celebratory or can be solace in sadness. . . . Sex can be tender or violently abusive; it can heal and can deeply wound .” Dennis P. Hollinger, The Meaning of Sex: Christian Ethics and the Moral Life, Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2009. Used by permission.

44. TYPES OF SEX Gender and Sexuality

45. According to sexual pleasure (Holly Ashworth) Gender and Sexuality

46. VAGINAL SEX Gender and Sexuality

47. ORAL SEX (blowjob, cunnilingus) Gender and Sexuality

48. ANAL SEX Gender and Sexuality

49. Masturbation Gender and Sexuality

50. Mutual Masturbation Gender and Sexuality

51. Classification of SEX according to addiction (Dr. Patrick Arnes ) Gender and Sexuality

52. FANTASY SEX Gender and Sexuality

53. SEDUCTIVE ROLE SEX Gender and Sexuality

54. VOYEURISTIC SEX Gender and Sexuality

55. EXHIBITIONISTIC SEX Gender and Sexuality

56. PAYING FOR SEX Gender and Sexuality

57. TRADING SEX

58. INTRUSIVE SEX Gender and Sexuality

59. ANONYMOUS SEX Gender and Sexuality

60. PAIN EXCHANGE SEX Gender and Sexuality

61. EXPLOITIVE SEX Gender and Sexuality

62. Porn Sex vs Real Sex Gender and Sexuality

63. What happens during sex? Gender and Sexuality

64. Female orgasm Male orgasm Gender and Sexuality

65. Sexual Arousal and Response Gender and Sexuality

66. What Turns Us On? Senses, Attraction and Sex Touch Smell Visual Hearing Gender and Sexuality

67. Touch It is the dominant "sexual sense” –  Primary erogenous zones : areas of the body that contain dense concentrations of nerve endings. •  Includes genitals, buttocks, anus, nipples, breasts, inner thighs, armpits, navel, neck, ear lobes, mouth. Gender and Sexuality

68. Touch –  Secondary erogenous zones : areas of the body that have become erotically sensitive through learning and experience. •  Virtually any other region of the body--depends on personal erotic experiences. Gender and Sexuality

69. Vision usually next important sense in arousal.   –  Early research supported the idea that males are more aroused by visual stimuli than females –  When asked via self-reporting, women less likely to report being aroused by visual erotica –  When arousal is measured using physiological recording devices, women and men are equally aroused by viewing pornography Gender and Sexuality

70. Smell highly influenced by a person’s sexual history and social conditioning. –  Genital secretions - used as a ‘perfume’ by some women in Europe. –  U.S.: near obsession w/masking any natural body odor –  Even so, many report being aroused by the smell of their partner, or by people to whom they are attracted. –  Pheromones: odors produced by the body that relate to reproductive functions (e.g. fertility). Gender and Sexuality

71. Hearing : highly variable. –  Some people find words, erotic conversation, moans, etc. to be very arousing –  Others prefer more silent sex. •  Different people receive different cultural messages about whether it is “okay” to talk or make noise during sex. Gender and Sexuality

72. Hormones Steroid hormones Testosterone Estrogen (Libido) (Erection, Lubrication)   Gender and Sexuality

73. Sexual Response Cycle (Masters & Johnson four-phase model) Excitement Plateau Orgasm Resolution Gender and Sexuality

74. Fertilization We are all winners Gender and Sexuality

75. References Arnes , Patrick (1998) http ://www.iitap.com/documents/ARTICLE_SexualAddictionAndCompulsion_PCarnes.pdf Dennis P. Hollinger, The Meaning of Sex: Christian Ethics and the Moral Life, Baker Academic, a division of Baker Publishing Group, © 2009. Used by permission   Ashworth, Holly. (2013) http :// teenadvice.about.com/bio/Holly-Ashworth-61530.htm 2014 The Anatomical Travelogue, LLC, http :// www.thevisualmd.com/searchimg.php?idu=11705&idc=965

76. GAPANG: THE PRACTICE OF "SLEEP-CRAWLING" IN A TAGALOG COMMUNITY CAROLYN CRISPINO ISRAEL

77. Gapang it literally means “to crawl” refers to refers to a man's act of surreptitiously stealing into the bedside of a woman at night with the intention of “forcing" her into sexual relations

78. Gapang In the case of this Laguna barrio studied, which this paper will refer to fictitiously as Barrio Tabing - tubig , there are various motives and justifications given for this sex activity.

79. Some reasons of this sexual activity When the man fails to win the favor of the women being courted. An attempt of a man to force his sweetheart into immediate marriage. Use as an alibi to cover up for certain illegitimate heterosexual.

80. Gapang Once gapang is used as an alibi it stopped to be a form of rape. Infact , the sexual adventure may be planned out by the parties involved.

81. Mang C. who was beaten up by his neighbor, Mang B., the previous night. From what I've gathered in the conversation, what happened was that Mang B. arrived home from his fishing work at about four o'clock in the morning. While trying to tidy up his fishing gadgets, he heard whisperings in the house. He called to his wife who suddenly started shouting for help. Mang B. immediately run upstairs with a banca paddle and saw a figure trying to escape through the window. He gave chase and succeeded in hitting the escapee before the latter could jump to the ground and! lose himself in the dark. Mang B. turned to his wife who was still crying. He was told that the man broke into the house and threatened to kill her should she refuse the man's "advances." At this instance, one of the bystanders who was also listening to the conversation gave a malicious laughter and commented: " naka-isa na naman ang nobyo ni M.'' (M. is Mang B.'s wife.)

82. Gapang The "sleep-crawler" who fails and gets brutally beaten up by the woman's kinsmen is usually ridiculed by the males. He is branded as mahina . Therefore, it appears to be a behavioral mechanism by which a man who was publicly shamed by a woman's refusal to accept his love can prove and assert his masculinity .

83. SOME SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Manifestly function mechanism for effecting immediate marriage with the desired party Latently function to maintain the image of the offender in the community which was threatened by his being a rejected suitor It likewise reinforces the man's acceptance into his peer group or barkada

84. For married couple, the use of gapang as an alibi apparently prevents the "shameful" discovery of the illicit relationship and in a way. Not only are the adulterers saved from public shame through the alibi of gapang , but their respective families as well.

85. SEX: Is not Just Pleasure

86. 17 Benefits of Sex BY Nicole Blades retrived from:WomensHealthMag.com

87. HIS HEART Men who have sex three or more times a week can cut their risk of hearth attack and stroke WEIGHT LOSS One 30 minute in the bed burns about 200 Calories 17 Benefits of Sex

88. IMMUNITY Researchers found out that having sex once or twice a week boosts the immune system RELAXATION Kills irritability. For in the reason that tactile (pleasing to the sense of touch) stimulation soothes nerves 17 Benefits of Sex

89. SOUND SLEEP A little sensual massage followed by some tango dancing in the sheets releases sleep-inducing endorphins PEE CONTROL Sex tones the pelvic muscles that supports your uterus, bladder, and bowel, meaning better urinating control and flow 17 Benefits of Sex

90. LETTING GO Express some of your risk emotions and behaviors– aggression, domination– in the comfort of your own bed STRESS RELIEF Tension releaser. Instead of fighting and disputes, save your voice and have sex. 17 Benefits of Sex

91. GET MORE SEX LATER USE IT OR LOSE IT. The more you have sex, the more likely you’ll be to continue to produce testosterone, one of the primary hormones responsible for sexual desire HEALTHY TEETH Step up to the “ Mic ”. Semen contains zinc, calcium, and other minerals prove to fight tooth decay. 17 Benefits of Sex

92. PAIN RELIEF No Pain No Gain. After your big “O”, you’ll be practically swimming in oxytocin. The overload releases endorphins, which help alleviate pain from arthritis. SLOW AGING Skip the botox . An active sex life slows the aging process 17 Benefits of Sex

93. REGULAR PERIODS Women who have sex at least once a week have more-regular menstrual cycles than those who do it once in a blue moon CONFIDENCE Feel the power. When things go well in bed and you’re pleasing your partner, you feel more confident and powerful in other parts of your life. 17 Benefits of Sex

94. CANCER PREVENTION Give your guy a helping hand. The more he ejaculates, the less likely he is to develop prostate cancer HAPPINESS Sex makes you happier than having money. 17 Benefits of Sex

95. INDUCING LABOR Sex can trigger the onset of labor when you’re at term. When they’re against the cervix, prostaglandins help it dilate and induce natural labor. 17 Benefits of Sex

96. Sex Sex is… perfectly natural. It’s something that’s pleasurable. It’s enjoyable and it enhances a relationship. So why don’t we learn as much as we can about it and become comfortable with ourselves as sexual human beings because we are all sexual?  -Sue Johanson

97. Reference Blades, Nicole:17 benefits of sex. Retrived from:www.womenshealthmag.com /files/ pdfs /17- reasons- sex.pdf

98. Understanding Sexual Harassment, Act of Lasciviousness, and Rape

99. “Any unwelcome sexual advances, requests or sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature (U.N.org).” Sexual Harassment

100. Types of Sexual Harassment Quid Pro Quo (“this for that”) It occurs when an academic or employment decision to a person depends on subjection to any sexual advances. O ccurs when unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature creates an intimidating, threatening or abusive environment to a person. Hostile environment ( Office of Institutional Equity, University of Michigan )

101. Act of Lasciviousness Act of lasciviousness is any unwelcome sexual or lustful act against a person. Art. 336.  Acts of lasciviousness.  — Any person who shall commit any act of lasciviousness upon other persons of either sex, under any of the circumstances mentioned in the preceding article, shall be punished by prison correctional .

102. Rape “ Rape is forced, manipulated, or coerced sexual contact . A person is forced into sexual contact through verbal coercion, threats, physical restraint, and/or physical violence (Clark University, 2015 ).” Art . 335 of Revised Penal Code Rape is committed by having carnal knowledge of a woman.

103. Elements of Rape Penetration of ANY orifice by ANY object Force or threat of force Sexual contact against the will of the victim

104. Sexually Transmitted Infection

105. What is STI?

106. Types of STI’s According to cause of infection Virus 2.Bacteria 3.Parasite

107. Types: Human Papilloma Virus Herpes Simplex Virus HIV AIDS Virus

108. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Genital Warts Human papillomaviruses are small, double-stranded DNA viruses that infect the epithelium. There are 100 identified types of HPV

109. Common: HPV types infect the cutaneous epithelium and cause common skin warts. Classification of HPV according to level of risk High-risk or Oncogenic: HPV types act as carcinogens in the development of cervical cancer. Type 16 is most frequent. Low Risk or Nononcogenic : There are 40 types of HPV, such as types 6 and 11, can cause benign cell abnormalities.

110. Symptoms After the person infected of HPV, the warts can appear in weeks or months. Three months is the average. Warts can grow in; Inside and outside the penis and vagina. Thights Anal

111. Viewing Discretion is Advised!

112. Transmission of HPV Sexual Intercourse: Vaginal Sex Oral Sex Anal Sex Non-sexual related: Skin to skin contact

113. Antiviral drugs Treatment Laser treatment Ointment

114. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Sores Herpes virus is a member of the Human Herpes viruses ( Herpetoviridae ).

115. Symptoms Blisters The blister may appear after 2-21 days after sexual contact with infected person.

116. Classification of HSV HSV- 1 Mouth Sores HSV- 1 Genital Sores

117. Treatment S alt baths or ice packs may reduce discomfort. Iodine-containing antiseptics such as Betadine. This will dry out the blisters and may help prevent secondary infection.

118. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) HIV attacks the immune system of a person.

119. Life-cycle of HIV Binding and Fusion Reverse Transcription Integration Transcription Assembly Budding

120. Symptoms A person may suffered of flu-like symptoms such as: Fever Cold Headache Diarrhea This symptoms may come and go a month or two after infection.

121. Transmission Sexual intercourse: Vaginal sex Oral sex Anal Sex Pre-seminal fluids Non sexual intercourse related: Needle sharing Mother to child Breast feeding Contact with blood

122. Testing and Treatment Unfortunately, at this point there is NO CURE for HIV infection. However, there are medicines that can prevent HIV from multiplying. This is this Antiretroviral T herapy or ART .

123. Reported HIV cases (2014) in the Philippines Source: DOH

124. A cquired I mmune D eficiency S yndrome (AIDS) AIDS is the terminal stage of HIV infection. 200 During this stage the T-cells drops to 200 or much lower.

125. References Washington state department of health: S exually transmitted disease. John F. Toney, Laura H. Bechmann : Common sexually transmitted diseases: std 101 clinicians. Center for diseases control and prevention. U.S department of justice: Sexually transmitted diseases and child sexual abuse. 2002 U.S department of health and human services: Sexually transmitted infections overview. 2009 DOH: HIV cases in the Philippines. 2014

126. Bacterial Types: Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis

127. Chlamydia Chlamydia is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis It has been dubbed  'The Silent Infection'   .

128. Symptoms in Men A discharge from their penis; A burning sensation when urinating; Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common). Rectal pain; Discharge; Bleeding

129. Symptoms in Women An abnormal vaginal discharge; A burning sensation when urinating. Painful periods Abdominal pain with fever Pain when having sex

130. Transmisssion Chlamydia is transmitted through contact with genital secretions usually during vaginal; anal; or oral sex.

131. Treatment Since bacteria cause chlamydia, the disease can often be treated with antibiotics.

132. Gonorrhea G onorrhea  is a contagious disease  caused by a kind of bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae   that  is passed during sexual contact. Neisseria gonorrhoeae  

133. Symptoms in Men In men, symptoms usually appear two to 14 days after infection . Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the penis Burning when urinating Burning in the throat (due to oral sex) Swollen glands in the throat (due to oral sex) Painful or swollen testicles

134. Symptoms in Women Greenish yellow or whitish discharge from the vagina Lower abdominal or pelvic pain Burning when urinating Conjunctivitis (red, itchy eyes ) Bleeding between periods Spotting after intercourse Swelling of the vulva Burning in the throat Swollen glands in the throat.

135. A person with Gonorrhea

136. Tranmission Gonorrhea is spread by vaginal; anal; and oral sex It is not passed through casual contact(kissing and skin to skin contact).

137. T reatment Gonnorrhea is easily treated through antibiotics. Small amounts of  penicilllin and later on  tetracycline was the standard treatment for gonorrhea.

138. Syphilis According to Medilexicon's medical dictionary " Syphilis  is an acute and chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum .

139. Symptoms Will develop one or more sores in the genitaliaor penis. Also experience moist  warts  in the groin. white patches on the inside of the mouth. Swollen lymph glands Fever Weight loss Hair loss

140. A patient with syphilis

141. Transmission Syphilis is passed from one person to another during direct sexual contact with a syphilis lesion that involves vaginal, oral, or anal sex Syphilis is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact and is highly contagious when the syphilis sore (chancre) or rash is present.

142. Treatment Treated with a single dose of penicillin, which is given as an injection into the buttocks.

143. Parasites Types: Pubic Lice Scabies Trichomoniasis

144. Pubic lice Often called "crabs" Pubic lice known as Pthirus pubis are tiny insects that attach themselves to the skin and hair in the pubic area .   Pthirus pubis

145. Transmission Pubic lice are very easily transmit during sex. Close physical contact. Very rarely, they are transmit from contact with infected bedding, clothing, upholstered furniture, and toilet seats . Animals cannot spread lice to humans.

146. Treatment Thoroughly work the shampoo into dry pubic hair and surrounding area for at least 5 minutes. Comb the pubic hair with a fine-toothed comb to remove eggs (nits). Applying vinegar to pubic hair before combing may help loosen nits. Shave or trim the pubic hair.

147. Scabies Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by a small mite. Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei .

148. Symptoms The skin may show signs of small insect-type bites, or the lesions may look like pimples or blisters, especially around the wrist, elbow, knee , underarm area, groin, or finger webs. Intense itching, especially at night and Skin lesions.

149. A person with scabies

150. Transmission S kin transmission during sexual intercourse may cause skin lesions on the penis, vaginal area, or groin. A person can get scabies from touching something that the mite is on, but that is not a major mode of transmission.

151. Treatment May be treated with an oral antibiotic or an antibiotic ointment applied to the area.

152. Trichomoniasis Caused by the protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis that infects the urogenital tract of both women and men worldwide.

153. Symptoms Yellow-green (sometimes frothy ) vaginal discharge with a foul odor Discomfort during sex and when passing urine Irritation and itching in the genital area Lower abdominal pain in rare cases

154. A person with T richomoniasis

155. Transmission During sex, the parasite is usually transmitted from a penis to a vagina, or from a vagina to a penis, but it can also be passed from a vagina to another vagina.

156. Treatment Trichomoniasis usually can be cured with these antibiotics : Metronidazole Tinidazole

157. How to prevent STI’s Academicedge.com

158. RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD

159. Responsible Involving important duties, decisions, etc., that you are trusted to do. Having an obligation to do something, or having control over or care for someone, as part of one's job or role.

160. Parenthood The state of being a mother or a father.

161. Responsible Parenthood As defined by DOH, it is the will and ability of parents to respond to the needs and aspirations of the family and children.

162. Responsibilities & Duties of Parents 1. Legal Responsibilities 2. Safe Environment 3. Physical Needs 4 . Education by Candace Webb, Demand Media

163. 10 Qualities of Successful Parents by Wes Fessler Identify good qualities in your children. Make time daily to spend with your kids. Communicate positively with your children. Involve children in household activities and family trips. Listen attentively to your children.

164. 6. Be willing to change. 7. Protect your children’s safety. 8 . Do not allow your children to disrespect you or your spouse. 9. Don’t argue with your spouse in front of the children. 10. Tell your children you love them. 10 Qualities of Successful Parents by Wes Fessler

165. Responsible parenthood Steps in raising a child responsibly Rice experiment

166. Effects of Bad Parenting on Children Higher Risk for Psychological Disorders Poor Performance in School Depression and Low Self-Esteem Violence and Behavior Problems Kate Miller- Wilson

167. Effects of Bad Parenting on Children 6. Failure to Thrive 7 . Problems with the Law 8 . Poor Social Adjustment Kate Miller- Wilson

168. Birth Control U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,Office on Women’sHealth

169. What is birth control?   Involves one or more actions, devices, sexual practices or medications followed to intentionally prevent or reduce the likelihood of pregnancy or childbirth. Nordqvist (2009)

170. Early History: Centuries ago, Chinese women drank lead and mercury to control fertility, which often resulted in sterility or death. It was also believed that a woman could avoid pregnancy by walking three times around the spot where a pregnant wolf had urinated. Skuy (1995)

171. In England women drank a potion of dried beaver testicles brewed in a strong alcohol solution. As recently as the 1990s, teens in Australia have used candy bar wrappers as condoms. Skuy (1995)

172. Choosing Birth Control When considering which birth control method is best for you, think about: Where do I need to go to get the method? How convenient is the method to use? Is my partner involved with this method? What is the cost of this method?

173. Types of Birth Control U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,Office on Women’sHealth

174. Classification of Birth Control Natural Method Hormonal Method Barrier Method Implantable Method Permanent Method Abstinence Lactation Amenorrhea Method

175. Withdrawal Method

176. Hormonal Methods of Birth Control

177. Pill What is it? It's an oral contraceptive containing estrogen and progestin. Estrogen stops egg production; progestin keeps sperm from reaching an egg. Effectiveness: 91-99 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2013) Pros: No hassle before sex. The hormones can cause lighter periods and provide protection against acne, certain cancers, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian cysts. Cons: Side effects might include nausea, vomiting, and spotting. Combining estrogen and progestin slightly increases the chance of some rare but serious problems such as blood clots, heart attack, or stroke.

178. Patch What is it? It's a thin patch that sticks to the skin and releases the hormones estrogen and progestin into the body. Estrogen stops egg production; the progestin thickens a women's cervical mucus and keeps sperm from reaching an egg. Effectiveness: 91-99 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2012) Pros: You put a new patch on the skin only once a month. For potential positive side effects of estrogen and progestin, see the section on hormonal IUDs. Cons: For potential negative side effects of estrogen and progestin, see the section on hormonal IUDs.

179. Shot What is it?  A single shot in the arm releases the hormone progestin, which thickens cervical mucus and thins the endometrium . It may also prevent ovulation, keeping sperm from joining with an egg. Effectiveness: 94-99 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2013) Pros: Administered by a doctor once every three months. Progestin can reduce menstrual bleeding and cramping and doesn't have many of the negative side effects of estrogen. Cons: Possible progestin side effects include irregular periods, sore breasts, headache, nausea, and more. Most side effects go away within three months. Rarer side effects include weight gain and changes in sex drive, among others.

180. Ring What is it? It's a small plastic ring inserted into the vagina once a month and left there for three weeks. It's taken out for the fourth week of the month. The ring releases estrogen and progestin into the body. Estrogen stops egg production; the progestin thickens a women's cervical mucus and keeps sperm from reaching an egg. Effectiveness: 91-99 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2012) Pros: Only two things to remember: Put the ring in on first day of month: take it out three weeks later. For positive side effects of estrogen and progestin, see the section on hormonal IUDs. Cons: For potential negative side effects of estrogen and progestin, see the section on hormonal IUDs.

181. Barrier Methods

182. Male condom What is it? It's a thin latex sheath worn on the penis during intercourse, in order to collect semen and prevent sperm from entering the vagina. Condoms come in lots of shapes and sizes. Effectiveness: 82-98 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2012) Pros: Condoms are inexpensive and accessible and can be used in conjunction with other forms of birth control. Condoms also significantly reduce your risk for sexually transmitted infections. Cons: About 3 million people in the U.S. are allergic to latex(American Latex Allergy Association, 2013) and need to use non-latex condoms. Condoms can reduce sensitization; some couples feel that they can have a negative effect on the quality of their sex life.

183. Female Condom What is it? It's a plastic pouch with flexible plastic rings at each end. Before sex, it's inserted into the vagina; the ring at the closed end holds the pouch in the vagina, and the ring at the open end stays outside the vaginal opening during sex. Effectiveness: 79-95 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2012) Pros: Female condoms cause no hormonal changes and decrease risk for sexually transmitted infections. Cons: Some couples feel that using a female condom has a negative effect on the quality of their sex life; it can be noisy and reduce feeling during intercourse. It can cause irritation.

184. Sponge What is it? Made of soft foam, the sponge is round and usually two inches in diameter. Prior to intercourse, it is inserted into the vagina. It covers the cervix and blocks sperm. Effectiveness: 88-91 percent for those who have not given birth, 76-80 percent for those who have (Planned Parenthood, 2012) Pros: It does not require a prescription and lasts up to 30 hours, during which you can have sex as much as you like without removing the sponge. It has no effect on your hormones and is unobtrusive during sex. Cons: Some may find it tricky to insert or remove. Some couples find it makes intercourse too wet or too dry. 

185. Diaphragm What is it? It's a dome-shaped cup with a flexible ring made of latex that is inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix. It blocks the opening to the uterus and prevents sperm from joining with an egg. Effectiveness: 88-94 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2012) Pros: It's immediately effective and has no effect on your hormones. It can also be inserted hours ahead of time, so you don't have to worry about dealing with it just before sex. Most people say they don't feel it during sex. Cons: It requires a prescription and can't be used during your period. In some rare cases, it can cause urinary tract infections or allergy-related vaginal irritation.

186. Implantable device

187. Intrauterine Device What is it?  The IUD is a small, T-shaped device made of flexible plastic that releases a small amount of progestin on a regular schedule. Inserted by a doctor, the IUD works by preventing sperm from joining with an egg. The progestin thickens a women's cervical mucus and keeps sperm from reaching an egg. Effectiveness: More than 99 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2013) Pros: It lasts five years, and is effective and completely undetectable during sex with no hassle before or after. Progestin may reduce cramps and make your period lighter. Cons: After insertion, you may have a few days of mild cramping or a backache and, for the first three to six months, spotting between periods and/or irregular periods.

188. Implant What is it?  It's a small piece of flexible plastic implanted under the skin of the upper arm. The implant releases progestin into the body, which keeps sperm from joining with an egg. Insertion takes a few minutes, and the implant lasts for up to three years. Effectiveness: More than 99 percent effective (Planned Parenthood, 2003) Pros: It's long-lasting and effective. It's low profile and causes no hassle before, during, or after sex. Cons: You have to go through minor surgery. Irregular bleeding during the first six to 12 months is common.

189. Permanent Method

190. Tubal Ligation Both of the fallopian tubes are closed, either cut, tied or clipped. Vasectomy Tubes that carry the sperm (vas deferens) are closed, either cut, tied or clipped.

191. Abstinence Decision to not have oral, anal or vaginal sex. Need to decide on your sexual limits and talk about them with your partner. 100% effective No need to see doctor or health care.

192. Lactation Amenorrhea Method Is used by woman who has just given birth and is exclusively breastfeeding. After giving birth, woman’ ovulation is suppressed when she is exclusively feeds her baby by breastfeeding. 98% effective and allows spontaneous sex

193. Development of Homosexuality Julie Harren , Ph. D

194. What is Homosexuality - Sexual attraction towards same sex. Julie Harren , Ph. D

195. Factors in the development of Homosexuality Environmental Social Learning theory - Posits that learning occurs through modeling. Agents of Socialization Family Church School Julie Harren , Ph. D

196. Factors in the development of Homosexuality Epigenetic process – It is the Feminization or Masculinization of fetus c ause by too much exposure to hormones. Testosterone Vs. Estrogen Biological ( Rice and Friberg , 2012)

197. hdhjjhhgggg

198. Gilbert Baker

199. Bisexual Flag

200. Asexual Flag

201. Pansexual Flag

202. Polysexual Flag

203. Polyamory Flag

204. Transgender Flag

205. Genderqueer Flag

206. Intersexual Flag

207. Straight Flag

208. Bear Brotherhood Flag

209. Lipstick Lesbian Flag

210. Leather Flag

211. Hate Crimes in LGBT

212. What is Hate Crimes H ate crime  is the victimization of an individual based on that individual's race, religion, national origin, ethnic identification, gender, or sexual orientation ( Gaiman , 2009)

213. Forms of Hate Crimes (UK Police, 2010) Discrimination Physical abuse Verbal abuse Threat

214. Reason why Hate Crimes are committed Bureau of Justice Statistics in USA (2008 ) 1. Thrill-seeking motivated by the desire of excitement 2. Defensive committed to protect their neighbourhood from perceived outsiders

215. Reason why Hate Crimes are committed Bureau of Justice Statistics in USA (2008 ) 3. Retaliatory acting in response to a hate crime – either real or perceived. 4. Mission strongly committed to bigotry that they make a career

216. Cases of Hate Crimes

217. Matthew Wayne Shepard

218. Norlan Cielo Mercado Last September 23, the body of 27-year-old call center agent Norlan Cielo Mercado was discovered in an apartment in Caloocan City. The autopsy report showed Mercado was killed 3 days earlier from 18 stabs wound in the chest, back, and head,the deaths are a clear example of hate crimes targeted against the transgender community.

219. Jennifer Laude

220. Statistics in Hate Crimes

221. Statistics on LGBT ( Hatzenbuehler and Keyes, 2012)

222. Statistics on LGBT (The National School Climate Survey conducted by GLSEN in 2011 reported these statistics on bullying)

223. Statistics on LGBT of the Philippines (The Rainbow Project, 2014) Posted by Eliphaz Pamorada

224. Lesbian Victims In 2011, there were 6 out of 16 lesbians killed in Mindanao. All in all, there were 7 hate crimes recorded against lesbian victims in 2011. Study shows that 25 percent of the hate crimes against lesbians are done through stab wounds while 15 percent are done by gunshots. In terms of age range, 60 percent of the victims are 25 to 44 years old (The Philippine LGBT Hate Crime Watch, 2011).

225. Gay Victims Reported crimes against gays are mostly done in the Greater Manila Area, making it the Most Dangerous Zone for the gays. Also the LGBT Hate Crime Watch reported that 31 out of 61 of those murder were done through stab wounds. In 2010, there were 26 gay men who died due to hate crimes while in 2011, there were 17 gay men who died. The age of those who died ranges from 25 to 44 years old (The Philippine LGBT Hate Crime Watch, 2011).

226. Bisexual Victims In 2011, there were 2 out of 4 bisexuals who died because of multiples stab wounds. Both crimes are done in Greater Manila Area. Their ages range from 25 to 44 years old also old (The Philippine LGBT Hate Crime Watch, 2011).

227. Transexual Victims There were 12 out of 26 Transgendered who were killed in Manila Area. 6 out of the 12 killed were due to multiple stab wounds. The age of the victims range from 25 to 44 years old. In 2010 and 2011, there were the same numbers of transgendered killed. There were 7 of them old (The Philippine LGBT Hate Crime Watch, 2011).

228. The Rainbow flag has been raised in Quezon City! Gender-Fair City Ordinance -the measure protects LGBT rights in the workplace, schools, in accommodation and in accessing basic services.

229. Lena Marie “ Mayen ” Juico first district councilor of Quezon City. Quezon city Ordinance NO.1309 of 2003 Mayor Herbert Bautista- Quezon City Pride Council.

230. “This is not 1 st in the Philipinnes , but the most comprehensive, the deepest in protecting Lgbt Rights”- Bishop Emerson Beriones,Orthodox church,QCPC member.

231. Promote equality and that everyone has long hoped and everyone should stand equal!

232. Human rights of LGBT

233. Marginalization of Women

234. What is Marginalized? P owerless or unimportant position within a society or group (Merriam-Webster, 2015).

235. Who are the marginalized women? Rural Indigenous women Urban poor sector Women in conflicted areas FIAN (2013)

236. How women are being marginalized? Subordination – authority structure is male dominated or patriarchal. In home Community Politics Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025

237. How women are being marginalized? 2. Economic marginalization – the task of women are always attributed to housework, childrearing, and family care. Unequal pay Work related sexual harassment Women productive sphere is under valued Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025

238. How women are being marginalized? 3 . Gender stereotyping – societal perception about women: Weak emotional Dependent Submissive Indecisive Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025

239. How women are being marginalized? 3. Gender stereotyping – picture of women in society: expected to be virgin Vamp (uses charm to seduce men) treated as sexual object Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025

240. How women are being marginalized? 4. Multiple burdens - single-handedly have to carry the burden of housework and child care, while participating in productive activities. Doubles the hour for work Widens the breath of responsibility Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025

241. How women are being marginalized? Domestic violence – women are potential and actual victims of: Verbal abuse (threat, insult, and blackmail) Physical abuse Psychological abuse Economic Violence Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development 1995-2025

242. Hunger among women is a gross violation of their rights (FIAN, 2013) Women contribute most of their income and time on ensuring the survival of their families, yet they are most vulnerable to hunger. In times of food scarcity or lack of money, children and husband eat first and women eat what is left or do not eat.

243. Women’s Right PTV special forum Part 1 Part 2 Part 3

244. Responding to Marginalized Women

245. Bulacan State University College of Education City of Malolos , Bulacan Educ 323c – Issues and Trends in Social Studies Prepared: BSEd-3F (2014-2015) Group 3 – Gender and Sexuality Group Adrian Carlo P. De Guzman Elias Joy P. Geronimo Vanessa Joy Baluyut Cory Guevarra Caroline Sandique Ryzel Suba Glenn Molina Marjorie Ducut Rowena San Juan Ludilyn Royo