Gene mapping.pptx/ molecular biology/ gene linkage

Gene mapping, also known as genetic mapping, is the process of identifying the specific location of a gene on a chromosome and determining its physical location and its relationship to other genes. There are two main types of gene mapping techniques:

1. Genetic linkage mapping: This method is based on the principle of genetic linkage, which is the tendency of genes that are located close together on a chromosome to be inherited together. By studying patterns of inheritance and crossing over in families or populations, geneticists can map the relative positions of genes along a chromosome.

2. Physical mapping: This method involves the direct physical identification and mapping of genes on chromosomes. Physical mapping techniques include chromosome walking, restriction mapping, and sequencing.

Gene mapping is important for understanding genetic disorders, genetic variations, and evolution. It helps researchers identify disease-causing genes, understand the genetic basis of complex traits, and develop personalized medicine approaches.

1. GENE MAPPING DR. ANEEKA EHSAN (PT)

2. CONTENTS GENE MAPPING DEFINITION TYPES OF GENE MAPPING GENETIC MAPPING TECHNIQUES APPLICATIONS

3. Gene mapping T he process of locating genes within a genome . Gene mapping refers to the techniques used to identify a gene’s location and distance between genes.  Placing several molecular markers at specific locations on the genome is the fundamental element of all genome mapping. There are many types of molecular markers. When creating genome maps , genes can be observed as a particular class of genetic markers mapped similarly to other markers .

4. TYPES OF GENE MAPPING GENETIC/LINKAGE MAPS PHYSICAL MAPS Genetic linkage mapping and physical mapping are the two methods of gene mapping where distances are assessed in terms of recombination frequency and base pairs, respectively .

5. Genetic linkage maps Genetic-linkage maps show the location of each gene on a chromosome and their relative distances from one another. Genetic mapping is made possible by crossing over — a regular biological occurrence during meiosis.

6. Physical maps It is one gene mapping approach that has a high degree of accuracy in determining the sequence of DNA base pairs. A physical map provides the nucleotide numbers and the precise physical distance between genetic markers. TECHNIQUES USED TO PRODUCE PHYSICAL MAP: Radiation hybrid mapping sequence mapping cytogenetic mapping

7. GENE MAPPING TECHNIQUES Random Fragment Length Polymorphism , or RFLP. S hort tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRP) SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) Genome-Wide Association (GWA) studies the connections between traits and markers like SNPs and microsatellites by treating the population as a single family. The method is used to map the gene functions of common disorders.

8. RFLP ( RANDOM FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM )

9. APPLICATIONS OF GENE MAPPING UNDERSTANDING GENETIC DISEASES : (by pin pointing location of disease related genes) CANCER RESEAERCH : ( it is crucial for identifying oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes) PHARMACOGENOMICS : (to study how an individual’s genetic makeup effects their response to drugs) AGRICULTURE : ( To create genetically modified crops, improving crop yields, resistance to pests and tolerance to environmental conditions) FORENSIC SCIENCE : ( gene mapping techniques like finger printing are used to identify criminals and solve crimes)

10. POPULATION GENETICS : ( to understand genetic diversity and evolution ) GENETIC COUNSELLING : ( to asses an individual’s risk of passing on inherited disorders to their offspring ) DRUG DISCOVERY : ( By identifying the genetic targets of diseases, gene mapping contributes to development of new drugs and therapies ) GENE THERAPY : ( Gene mapping is crucial to identify the target genes to be replaced or modified to treat a genetic disorder )

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