GENERAL ANATOMY JSJJSKSKSLKSLZLSSLSLSLSLSLSL

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1. ABDOMINAL CAVITY

2. WHAT ORGANS EXACTLY IS IN
YOUR ABDOMINAL CAVITY?

3. 1.LIVER
THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

4. IS A VERY LARGE ORGAN THAT OCCUPIES THE
UPPER PART OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. IT
LIES ALMOST ENTIRELY UNDER COVER OF
THE RIBS AND COSTAL CARTILAGES AND
EXTENDS ACROSS THE EPIGASTRIC REGION.
LIVER

5. PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF BILE WHICH
IS PASSED INTO THE INTESTINAL TRACT.
LIVER’S FUNCTIONS

6. PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF BILE WHICH
IS PASSED INTO THE INTESTINAL TRACT.
INVOLVEMENT IN MANY METABOLIC
ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CARBOHYDRATE,
FAT, AND PROTEIN METABOLISM.
LIVER’S FUNCTIONS

7. PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF BILE WHICH
IS PASSED INTO THE INTESTINAL TRACT.
INVOLVEMENT IN MANY METABOLIC
ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CARBOHYDRATE,
FAT, AND PROTEIN METABOLISM.
FILTRATION OF THE BLOOD-REMOVING
BACTERIA AND OTHER FOREIGN PARTICLES.
LIVER’S FUNCTIONS

9. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

10. PEAR-SHAPED SAC THAT IS ADHERENT TO
THE UNDERSURFACE OF THE RIGHT LOBE
OF THE LIVER. ITS BLIND END, OR
FUNDUS, PROJECTS BELOW THE
INFERIOR BORDER OF THE LIVER.
GALL BLADDER

12. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

13. TUBULAR STRUCTURE THAT JOINS THE
PHARYNX TO THE STOMACH.
ESOPHAGUS

14. TUBULAR STRUCTURE THAT JOINS THE
PHARYNX TO THE STOMACH.
PIERCES THE DIAPHRAGM SLIGHTLY TO THE
LEFT OF THE MIDLINE AND AFTER A SHORT
COARSE F ABOUT 0.5 INCHES ENTERS THE
STOMACH ON ITS RIGHT SIDE.
ESOPHAGUS

15. TUBULAR STRUCTURE THAT JOINS THE
PHARYNX TO THE STOMACH.
PIERCES THE DIAPHRAGM SLIGHTLY TO THE
LEFT OF THE MIDLINE AND AFTER A SHORT
COARSE OF ABOUT 0.5 INCHES ENTERS THE
STOMACH ON ITS RIGHT SIDE.
IT IS DEEPLY PLACED, LYING BEHIND THE LEFT
LOBE OF THE LIVER.
ESOPHAGUS

17. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

18. DILATED PART OF THE ALIMENTARY
CANAL BETWEEN THE ESOPHAGUS
AND THE SMALL INTESTINES.
STOMACH

19. DILATED PART OF THE ALIMENTARY
CANAL BETWEEN THE ESOPHAGUS
AND THE SMALL INTESTINES.
IT OCCUPIES THE LEFT
HYPOCHONDRIAC, EPIGASTRIC AND
UMBILICAL REGIONS, AND MUCH OF
IT LIES UNDER COVER OF THE RIBS.
STOMACH

21. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH
5.SMALL INTESTINE

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

22. SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

23. DUODENUM
SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

24. DUODENUM- FIRST PART OF THE
SMALL INTESTINE. MOST OF IT IS
DEEPLY PLACED ON THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL. (EPIGASTRIC AND
UMBILICAL REGIONS)
SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

25. DUODENUM- FIRST PART OF THE
SMALL INTESTINE. MOST OF IT IS
DEEPLY PLACED ON THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL. (EPIGASTRIC AND
UMBILICAL REGIONS)
●IT IS A C-SHAPED TUBE THAT EXTENDS FROM
THE STOMACH AROUND THE HEAD OF THE
PANCREAS TO JOIN THE JEJUNUM.
SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

26. DUODENUM- FIRST PART OF THE
SMALL INTESTINE. MOST OF IT IS
DEEPLY PLACED ON THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL. (EPIGASTRIC AND
UMBILICAL REGIONS)
JEJUNUM AND ILEUM
SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

27. DUODENUM- FIRST PART OF THE
SMALL INTESTINE. MOST OF IT IS
DEEPLY PLACED ON THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL. (EPIGASTRIC AND
UMBILICAL REGIONS)
JEJUNUM- BEGINS AT
DUODENOJEJUNAL JUNCTION AND
ENDS AT CECAL JUNCTION. OCCUPIES
THE UPPER LEFT OF ABDOMINAL
CAVITY.
SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

28. DUODENUM- FIRST PART OF THE
SMALL INTESTINE. MOST OF IT IS
DEEPLY PLACED ON THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL. (EPIGASTRIC AND
UMBILICAL REGIONS)
JEJUNUM- BEGINS AT
DUODENOJEJUNAL JUNCTION AND
ENDS AT CECAL JUNCTION.
ILEUM- TOGETHER WITH THE
JEJUNUM MEASURES ABOUT 20 FEET
(6M) LONG. OCCUPIES THE LOWER
RIGHT PART OF THE ABDOMINAL
CAVITY.

SMALL INTESTINE’S 3 REGIONS

30. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH
5.SMALL INTESTINE
6.LARGE INTESTINE

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

31. HAS MANY PARTS
LARGE INTESTINE

32. 1.CECUM



LARGE INTESTINE

33. ❖CECUM- A BLIND-ENDED SAC THAT
PROJECTS DOWNWARD IN THE RIGHT ILIAC
REGION BELOW THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION.



LARGE INTESTINE

34. ❖CECUM- A BLIND-ENDED SAC THAT
PROJECTS DOWNWARD IN THE RIGHT ILIAC
REGION BELOW THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION.

❖VERMIFORM APPENDIX



LARGE INTESTINE

35. ❖CECUM- A BLIND-ENDED SAC THAT
PROJECTS DOWNWARD IN THE RIGHT ILIAC
REGION BELOW THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION.

❖VERMIFORM APPENDIX- IS A WORM SHAPED
TUBE THAT ARISES FROM ITS MEDIAL SIDE.



LARGE INTESTINE

36. ❖CECUM- A BLIND-ENDED SAC THAT
PROJECTS DOWNWARD IN THE RIGHT ILIAC
REGION BELOW THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION.

❖VERMIFORM APPENDIX- IS A WORM SHAPED
TUBE THA ARISES FROM ITS MEDIAL SIDE.

❖ASCENDING COLON





LARGE INTESTINE

37. ❖CECUM- A BLIND-ENDED SAC THAT PROJECTS
DOWNWARD IN THE RIGHT ILIAC REGION BELOW
THE ILEOCECAL JUNCTION.

❖VERMIFORM APPENDIX- IS A WORM SHAPED
TUBE THA ARISES FROM ITS MEDIAL SIDE.

❖ASCENDING COLON- EXTENDS UPWARD FROM
THE CECUM TO THE INFERIOR SURFACE OF THE
RIGHT LOBE OF THE LIVER, OCCUPYING THE
RIGHT ILIAC AND RIGHT LUMBAR REGIONS.





LARGE INTESTINE

38. ❖TRANSVERSE COLON
LARGE INTESTINE

39. ❖TRANSVERSE COLON- CROSSES THE ABDOMEN
IN THE UMBLICAL REGION.

❖DESCENDING COLON
LARGE INTESTINE

40. ❖TRANSVERSE COLON- CROSSES THE ABDOMEN
IN THE UMBLICAL REGION.

❖DESCENDING COLON- EXTENDS FROM THE
LEFT COLIC FLEXURE TO THE PELVIC INLET
BELOW. (OCCUPIES THE LEFT LUMBAR AND
ILIAC REGIONS)
LARGE INTESTINE

41. ❖SIGMOID COLON
LARGE INTESTINE

42. ❖SIGMOID COLON- BEGINS AT THE PELVIC
INLET WHERE IT IS A CONTINIAL OF
DESCENDING COLON.
LARGE INTESTINE

43. ❖SIGMOID COLON- BEGINS AT THE PELVIC
INLET WHERE IT IS A CONTINIAL OF
DESCENDING COLON.

❖RECTUM
LARGE INTESTINE

44. ❖SIGMOID COLON- BEGINS AT THE PELVIC
INLET WHERE IT IS A CONTINIAL OF
DESCENDING COLON.

❖RECTUM- OCCUPIES THE POSTERIOR PART OF
THE PELVIC CAVITY AND IS CONTINOUS WITH
ANAL CANAL IN THE PERINEUM.
LARGE INTESTINE

46. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH
5.SMALL INTESTINE
6.LARGE INTESTINE
7.PANCREAS
THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

47. SOFT, LOBULATED ORGAN THAT STRETCHES
OBLIQUELY ACROSS THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL IN THE EPIGASTIC REGION.
PANCREAS

48. SOFT, LOBULATED ORGAN THAT STRETCHES
OBLIQUELY ACROSS THE POSTERIOR
ABDOMINAL WALL IN THE EPIGASTIC REGION.
SITUATED BEHIND THE STOMACH AND
EXTENDS FROM THE DUDENUM TO THE
SPLEEN.
PANCREAS

49. IT IS BOTH AN EXOCRINE AND AN ENDOCRINE
GLAND.
PANCREAS’ FUNCTIONS

50. IT IS BOTH AN EXOCRINE AND AN ENDOCRINE
GLAND.
PRODUCES A SECRETION THAT CONTAINS
ENZYMES CAPABLE OF HYDROLYZING
PROTEINS, FATS, AND CARBOHYDRATES.
PANCREAS’ FUNCTIONS

51. IT IS BOTH AN EXOCRINE AND AN ENDOCRINE
GLAND.
PRODUCES A SECRETION THAT CONTAINS
ENZYMES CAPABLE OF HYDROLYZING
PROTEINS, FATS, AND CARBOHYDRATES.
PRODUCES INSULIN AND GLUCAGON WHICH
IS IMPORTANT IN CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM.
PANCREAS’ FUNCTIONS

53. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH
5.SMALL INTESTINE
6.LARGE INTESTINE
7.PANCREAS
8.SPLEEN

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

54. SOFT MASS OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE THAT
OCCUPIES THE LEFT UPPER PART OF THE
ABDOMEN BETWEEN THE STOMACH AND THE
DIAPHRAGM.
SPLEEN

55. SOFT MASS OF LYMPHATIC TISSUE THAT
OCCUPIES THE LEFT UPPER PART OF THE
ABDOMEN BETWEEN THE STOMACH AND THE
DIAPHRAGM.
IT LIES ALONG THE LONG AXIS OF THE TENTH
LEFT RIB.
SPLEEN

57. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH
5.SMALL INTESTINE
6.LARGE INTESTINE
7.PANCREAS
8.SPLEEN
9.KIDNEYS

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

58. TWO REDDISH BROWN ORGANS SITUATED
HIGH UP ON THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL
WALL. ONE ON EACH SIDE OF THE VERTEBRAL
COLUMN.
KIDNEYS

59. TWO REDDISH BROWN ORGANS SITUATED
HIGH UP ON THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL
WALL. ONE ON EACH SIDE OF THE VERTEBRAL
COLUMN.
LEFT KIDNEY LIES SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN
THE RIGHT BECAUSE THE LEFT LOBE OF THE
LIVER IS SMALLER THAN THE RIGHT.
KIDNEYS

60. EXCRETE MOST OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF
METABOLISM.
FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS

61. EXCRETE MOST OF THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF
METABOLISM.
PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN CONTROLLING THE
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE WITHIN
THE BODY.
FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS

64. 1.LIVER
2.GALL BLADDER
3.ESOPHAGUS
4.STOMACH
5.SMALL INTESTINE
6.LARGE INTESTINE
7.PANCREAS
8.SPLEEN
9.KIDNEYS
10.SUPRARENAL GLANDS

THE GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA

65. Also called the adrenal gland

SUPRARENAL GLANDS

66. Also called the adrenal gland
TWO YELLOWISH ORGANS THAT LIE ON THE
UPPER POLES OF THE KIDNEYS ON THE
POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL.

SUPRARENAL GLANDS

67. SECRETES HORMONES CALLED MINERAL
CORTICOIDS, WHICH ARE CONCERNED WITH
THE CONTROL OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE.
FUNCTIONS

68. SECRETES HORMONES CALLED MINERAL
CORTICOIDS, WHICH ARE CONCERNED WITH
THE CONTROL OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE.
SECRETES EPINEPHRINE AND
NOREPINEPHRINE.
FUNCTIONS

70. PERITONEUM?

71. PERITONEUM?
⦿PERITONEUM IS THIN SEROUS MEMBRANE
THAT LINES THE WALL OF THE PELVIC
CAVITIES AND CLOTHING THE
ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC VISCERA.

72. THERE ARE DIFFERENT PARTS OF
PERITONEUM

73. THERE ARE DIFFERENT PARTS OF
PERITONEUM

1.PARIETAL PERITONEUM

74. THERE ARE DIFFERENT PARTS OF
PERTONEUM

1.PARIETAL- LINES THE WALLS OF THE PELVIC
AND ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.

75. THERE ARE DIFFERENT PARTS OF
PERITONEUM

1.PARIETAL PERITONEUM- LINES THE WALLS OF
THE PELVIC AND ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.
2.VISCERAL PERITONEUM

76. THERE ARE DIFFERENT PARTS OF
PERTONEUM

1.PARIETAL- LIES ON THE WALLS OF THE PELVIC
AND ABDOMINAL CAVITIES.
2.VISCERAL PERITONEUM- COVERS THE
ORGANS, SECRETES SEROUS FLUID FOR
LUBRICATION.

77. PERITONEAL
CAVITY

78. PERITONEAL
CAVITY
POTENTIAL SPACE BETWEEN THE
PARIETAL AND VISCERAL LAYERS, WHICH
IS IN EFFECT THE INSIDE SPACE OF THE
BALLOON

79. PERITONEAL
CAVITY
POTENTIAL SPACE BETWEEN THE
PARIETAL AND VISCERAL LAYERS, WHICH
IS IN EFFECT THE INSIDE SPACE OF THE
BALLOON
IN MALE THIS IS A CLOSED CAVITY

80. PERITONEAL
CAVITY
POTENTIAL SPACE BETWEEN THE
PARIETAL AND VISCERAL LAYERS, WHICH
IS IN EFFECT THE INSIDE SPACE OF THE
BALLOON
IN MALE THIS IS A CLOSED CAVITY
IN FEMALE, COMMUNICATION WITH
EXTERIOR OCCURS THROUGH THE
UTERINE TUBES, THE UTERUS, AND THE
VAGINA.

82. PERITONEAL
CAVITY



IS DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS

83. PERITONEAL
CAVITY



IS DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS

DID YOU KNOW IT IS THE LARGEST CAVITY IN THE
BODY? IT IS ENORMOUS!

84. PERITONEAL
CAVITY
1.GREATER SAC

85. GREATER SAC
MAIN COMPARTMENT OF THE PERITONEAL
CAVITY AND EXTENDS FROM THE
DIAPHRAGM DOWN INTO THE PELVIS.

86. PERITONEAL
CAVITY
1.GREATER SAC
2.LESSER SAC

87. LESSER SAC
SMALLER COMPARTMENT AND LIES
BEHIND THE STOMACH.

88. LESSER SAC
SMALLER COMPARTMENT AND LIES
BEHIND THE STOMACH.
THE GREATER AND LESSER SACS ARE IN
FREE COMMUNICATION WITH ONE
ANOTHER THROUGH AN OVAL WINDOW
CALLED OPENING OF THE LESSER SAC,
OR THE EPIPLOIC FORAMEN.

89. RETROPERITONEAL?

90. RETROPERITONEAL?

⦿ORGANS THAT LIE BEHIND THE PERITONEUM

91. RETROPERITONEAL?

⦿ORGANS THAT LIE BEHIND THE PERITONEUM

⦿EX:PANCREAS, DUODENUM, ASCENDING
COLON, DESCENDING COLON, KIDNEYS,
INFERIOR VENA CAVA AND AORTA.

92. NERVE SUPPLY OF THE
PERITONEUM

93. NERVE SUPPLY OF THE
PERITONEUM
⦿Parietal peritoneum is sensitive to pain,
temperature, touch and pressure.

94. ⦿Parietal peritoneum lining the anterior
abdominal is supplied by lower six thoracic
and first lumbar nerves.

95. ⦿Parietal peritoneum lining the anterior
abdominal is supplied by lower six thoracic
and first lumbar nerves.
⦿Central diagphragmatic pereitoneum is
supplied by the phrenic nerves; peripherally,
it is supplied by the lower thoracic nerves.

96. ⦿Parietal peritoneum lining the anterior
abdominal is supplied by lower six thoracic
and first lumbar nerves.
⦿Central diagphragmatic pereitoneum is
supplied by the phrenic nerves; peripherally,
it is supplied by the lower thoracic nerves.
⦿Parietal peritoneum in the pelvis is supplied
by the obturator nerve- a branch of the
lumbar plexus.

97. ⦿Visceral peritoneum is supplied by the
afferent autonomic nerves.

98. FUNCTIONS OF THE PERITONEUM
⦿Secretes peritoneal fluid to ensure that the
mobile viscera glide easily on one another.

99. FUNCTIONS OF THE PERITONEUM
⦿Secretes peritoneal fluid to ensure that the
mobile viscera glide easily on one another.
⦿Keeps intraperitoneal infections sealed off so
it remains localized.
⦿Plays an important role in suspending various
organs within the peritoneal cavity.

100. FUNCTIONS OF THE PERITONEUM
⦿Secretes peritoneal fluid to ensure that the
mobile viscera glide easily on one another.
⦿Keeps intraperitoneal infections sealed off so
it remains localized.
⦿Plays an important role in suspending various
organs within the peritoneal cavity.
⦿Fat storage

101. TWO TYPES OF DIALYSIS
⦿PERITONEAL
During peritoneal dialysis, a cleansing fluid
(dialysate) is circulated through a tube
(catheter) inside part of your
abdominal cavity (peritoneal cavity). The
dialysate absorbs waste products from blood
vessels in your abdominal lining (peritoneum)
and then is drawn back out of your body and
discarded.

102. ⦿Hemodialysis
A medical procedure to remove fluid and
waste products from the blood and to correct
electrolyte imbalances. This is accomplished
using a machine and a dialyzer, also referred to
as an "artificial kidney." Hemodialysis is used
to treat both acute (temporary) and chronic
(permanent) kidney failure.

103. DISEASES INVOLVING DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
⦿Intussusception (in-tuh-suh-SEP-shun) is a
serious condition in which part of the
intestine slides into an adjacent part of the
intestine. This "telescoping" often blocks food
or fluid from passing through.

104. ⦿Intussusception also cuts off the blood
supply to the part of the intestine that's
affected, which can lead to a tear in the
bowel (perforation), infection and death of
bowel tissue.
⦿Intussusception is the most common cause
of intestinal obstruction in children younger
than 3.