General biology- Postulate of cell theory lesson-1.ppt

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1. GENERAL BIOLOGY 1GENERAL BIOLOGY 1
LESSON 1: Postulates LESSON 1: Postulates
of Cell Theoryof Cell Theory

2. The Nature of Life

3. What is Life?

4. What is the elusive condition we refer to as living state?

5. All living things have chemical
similarities.

6. Fundamental Properties Fundamental Properties
of Lifeof Life
1.1.Cellular organization/MovementCellular organization/Movement
2.2.Sensitivity Sensitivity
3.3.Growth/developmentGrowth/development
4.4.Reproduction Reproduction
5.5.RegulationRegulation
6.6.HomeostasisHomeostasis
7.7.Sensitivity Sensitivity
8.8.Death Death
9.9.Complexity Complexity

7. Ideas about the Origin Ideas about the Origin
of Lifeof Life
1.1.Special CreationSpecial Creation
2.2.Extraterrestrial OriginExtraterrestrial Origin
3.3.Spontaneous / Abiogenesis OriginSpontaneous / Abiogenesis Origin

8. Ideas about the Origin Ideas about the Origin
of Lifeof Life
4. biogenesis4. biogenesis

9. Why this sudden explosion
of knowledge in our time?

10. Science is not limited by national
boundaries
Scientist pushed back the frontier of ignorance,
superstition and prejudiced thinking that had stifled
progress in medieval times.

11. Through the years scientists have
established method of investigation
A new system of objective thought and
investigation developed

12. Science has progressed at a remarkable
rate in areas related to biology
At one time definite lines could be drawn
between major areas of science.
Today no separation exist.

13. Progress in Biology is directly related to
the tools available for research
Biology took a giant step forward in the
18
th
and 19
th
centuries with the invention
and perfection of light microscope.

14. The scientist has begun to recognize
his own limitations
Any concept must be subject to change
and revision in the light of new
discoveries.

15. Scientist of the past would undoubtedly
have received Nobel prizes for their
outstanding contributions.
The public has come to accept and
support modern science

16. Explain the postulates
of the cell theory
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17. Explain the postulates
of the cell theory
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18. CELLCELL
The smallest structural and The smallest structural and
functional unit of an organisms.functional unit of an organisms.

19. CELL THEORYCELL THEORY

20. CELL THEORYCELL THEORY
YouTube video about Cell Theory
Guide Question:
What were the major discoveries
leading to the creation of Cell
Theory?
What is the cell theory about?

22. Structural parts Structural parts
Head – This is also known as the body. It carries
the optical parts in the upper part of the
microscope.
Base – It acts as microscopes support. It also
carries microscopic illuminators.
Arms – This is the part connecting the base and
to the head and the eyepiece tube to the base
of the microscope.

23. Optical parts Optical parts
Eyepiece –is what you look through at the top
of the microscope. Typically, standard
eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x.
Eyepiece tube –holds the eyepieces in place
above the objective lens.
Objective lenses – These are the major lenses
used for specimen visualization.

24. Optical parts Optical parts
Nosepiece-houses the objectives. The
objectives are exposed and are mounted on a
rotating turret so that different objectives can
be conveniently selected
Coarse and Fine Focus knobs- are used to focus
the microscope. Increasingly, they are coaxial
knobs -
 
Stage- is where the specimen to be viewed is
placed.

25. Optical parts Optical parts
Stage Clips are used when there is no
mechanical stage.
 
Aperture is the hole in the stage through which
the base (transmitted) light reaches the stage.
 
Illuminator is the light source for a microscope,
typically located in the base of the microscope.

26. Optical parts Optical parts
Condenser is used to collect and focus the light
from the illuminator on to the specimen.
Iris Diaphragm controls the amount of light
reaching the specimen. It is located above the
condenser and below the stage
Condenser Focus Knob moves the condenser up
or down to control the lighting focus on the
specimen.

27. Discovery of Cells
1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells
while looking at a thin slice of cork.
He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb
He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi

28. Anton van Leuwenhoek
1673- Used a handmade microscope to observe
pond scum & discovered single-celled organisms
He called them “animalcules”
He also observed blood cells from fish, birds,
frogs, dogs, and humans
Therefore, it was known that cells are found in
animals as well as plants

29. 1827-33 - Robert Brown
R-noticed that pollen grains in water jiggled around called
“Brownian motion”
-discovered
Robert Brown the nucleus
Nucleus
Human Cheek Cell

30. 1838 - Matthias Schleiden
A botanist who concluded that all plants parts are made of cells.
Typical Plant
Cell

31. 1839 - Theodor Schwann
A zoologist and botanist who concluded that all animals are
composed of cells
Nerve Cells

32. 1855 - Rudolf Virchow
A physician who did
research on cancer cells and
concluded
“Omnis cellula e cellula”.
“All cells are from other
pre-existing cells.”

33. Based on the discovery of Cell, if you are a
scientist how would you derive the Cell Theory?

34. The 3 Basic Components of the Cell
Theory :
1.All organisms are composed of one or
more cells.
(Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)

35. 2. The cell is the basic
unit of life in all living
things. (Schleiden &
Schwann)(1838-39)

36. 3. All cells are produced by
the division of preexisting
cells. (Virchow)(1858)

37. The Cell Theory Complete
The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory
were now complete:
1. All organisms are composed of one or more
cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living
things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39)
3. All cells are produced by the division of
preexisting cells. (Virchow)(1858)

38. How Has The Cell Theory Been Used?
The basic discovered truths about cells, listed in
the Cell Theory, are the basis for things such as:
Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer,
Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.)

39. STEM CELL RESEARCH
The research started simple question “How can the
various parts of the human body began forming and how
may it be possible to replicate the processes.

40. Modern Cell Theory

41. Assignment:
on Modern Cell Theory
Modern Cell Theory contains 4 statements, in addition
to the original Cell Theory:
1. The cell contains hereditary information(DNA) which is
passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
2. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and
metabolic activities.
3. All basic chemical & physiological functions are carried out
inside the cells.(movement, digestion,etc)
4. Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular
structures within the cell(organelles, nucleus, plasma
membrane)

42. Historical Background:

1.Robert Hooke
-1665 – coined the term cell
2. Corti
– 1772 – saw substance within the cell
3. Fontana
-1781- used the term nucleolus
4. Robert Brown
– 1831 – saw the nucleus
5. Dujardin
– 1835 – used the term sarcode
6. Mattias Jacob Schleiden & Theodore
Schwann
-1839- cell doctrine

43. 7. Strasburger
– illustrated cell division
8. Hugo Von Mohl
– 1846 – used the term protoplasm
9. Max Schulze
– protoplasm as physical basis of life
10. Thomas Huxley
– protoplasm as chemical basis of life
11. Rudolph Virchow
– 1858 – cell generalization
12. Schimper
–1883- used the term plastid.

44. 13. Frederich Mischer
– 1868- saw DNA in pus
14. Benda Altmann
– coined the term mitochondria
15. Camilo Golgi
–1898- Golgi bodies
16. John Dalton
– 1900 -Neuron in owl
17. Palade
– 1900 – ribosome

45. 18. Porter
– 1900 – Endoplasmic reticulum
19. Daniel Davson
– 1900 – Cell membrane as
sandwich like
20. Christian de Duze
– Lysosome in rat

46. Application:
Explain the Cell Theory in your own
words
How has the knowledge of Cell
Theory help you understand life.

47. Some Parting Thoughts
Humans are just an intricately designed
community of cells, which must work together
to survive
The next time you will
be asked what is the
essence of life?