General-Chemistry-1-Classification-of-Matter.pptx

General Chemistry 1 Lesson 1

1. General Chemistry 1

2. Classification of Matter Pure Substances - are substances that are made up of  only one kind of particle  and have a fixed or constant structure . Element – is made up of only one kind of atom. Ex. Hydrogen 2. Compounds - any substance composed of identical molecules consisting of atoms of two or more chemical elements. Ex. Water (2 Hydrogen + Oxygen) - require complex chemical means to break down.

3. Mixtures – made up of two or more different pure substances. - can be separated using simple physical means. Ex. Salt and Water. Homogenous mixture - It is uniform in composition throughout. There is only one phase of matter observed in a homogeneous mixture. Ex. Coffee 2. Heterogenous mixture - a mixture whose components can be easily identified. The composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. Ex. Salad

4. Separation Techniques Filtration Evaporation Distillation Chromatography Electrophoresis

5. Filtration – is a technique used to separate undissolved solid components from the liquid in a mixture. - only solid particles that are bigger than the pores are separated. Ex. Filtering the left powder juice in a glass.

6. 2. Evaporation – the liquid components is evaporated by applying heat until only the solid components remains. Ex. Salt Harvesting

7. 3. Distillation - a separation technique used to separate liquid (the solvent) from a mixture and keep the liquid part. It involves boiling the solution and then condensing the vapour back into a liquid by cooling it down. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLDbQ1kJ1bA

8. 4. Chromatography - is an analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly analyzed. Ex. Paper Chromatography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCzgQXGz9Tg

9. 5. Electrophoresis - is a laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. -It involves the use of an electric current to move the particles through a gel, with larger particles moving more slowly than smaller ones. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vq759wKCCUQ

10. Quiz: 1. Enumerate three common household items that are pure substances. 2. Enumerate three common household items that are mixtures. 3. A 70% isopropyl alcohol is a common disinfectant and is a mixture of alcohol and water. a. Is it a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture? b. What do you think is the best separation technique to use in order to separate the components?