General Chemistry 2 Kinetic Molecular Theory.pptx

General Chemistry 2 Kinetic Molecular Theory

1. GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

2. Kinetic Molecular Theory of Solids and Liquids Criteria Solid Liquid Particle Arrangement Movement Held by very strong forces of attraction. Particle are not free to move. Particle vibrate about in fixed positions. Held together by strong forces of attraction. Particles are able to slide past one another Density Very High High Diffusibility Extremely slowly Slow Compressibility Slightly compressible Slightly Compressible Volume and Shape Has fixed volume and shape Assumes the shape of the container it occupies Has fixed volume Thermal Expansibility Expands slightly when heated Expands slightly when heated

3. Kinetic Molecular Theory

4. The States of Matter The fundamental difference between states of matter is the distance between particles. Cool or compress Heat or reduce pressure Cool Heat GAS LIQUID CRYSTALINE SOLID

5. Disorder; particles or clusters of particles are free to move relative to each other; particles close together. Total disorder; much empty space; particles have complete freedom of motion; particles far apart. Ordered arrangement; particles are essentially in fixed positions; particles close together.

6. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Usually weak, but strong enough to control physical properties. Attractive force between molecules; responsible for keeping matter in solid or liquid phase Force which keeps molecules together.

7. Intermolecular Forces of Attraction Intermolecular Forces Involves Occur between Strength Effects on BP/MP and FP Dispersion Forces Temporary dipoles Nonpolar molecules Very Weak ↑BP, ↓↓↓↓FP Dipole-dipole Permanent dipoles Polar molecules Weak ↑↑BP, ↓↓↓FP Hydrogen bond Permanent dipoles between H, and F, O, N Polar Molecules Medium ↑↑↑BP, ↓↓FP Ion-dipole Full ion and dipole Polar Molecules Strong ↑↑↑↑BP, ↓FP