General_overview_of_scada_system_in_powe.pptx

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1. General overview of scada system in power system Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering By Getaneh. M

2. introduction Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition -  Collect measurements and status data from the process -  Remotely intervene in the process -  Centralized system platform -  Based on distributed I/O Applicable Processes -  Oil or Gas production facilities -  Pipelines for gas, oils, chemicals or water. -  Railway/Transportation Process -  Nuclear, Gas, Hydro generation plants

3. Scada antiquity Egyptian supervisory First half of the 20th century Development from telemetry system Weather predictions Rail road tracks Two way system 1960s idea for supervisory 1970s radio system Oil pipe line monitoring system Modern computer based system Wireless network based system

4. Evolution of scada in power system Originally electrical power units used electro-mechanical automation Dial-up modems used for remote access In 1970s computer-based SCADA commenced Suppliers (e.g. IBM, Siemens, GE) supplied complete proprietary systems More advanced with client-server computers Advanced functions became common (e.g. EMS. DMS, load forecasting, dispatch, protection engineering, regulatory reporting, etc) Communication link evolved from noisy narrow bandwidth telephone lines to sonet, Microwave, radio, power line carrier, cellular networks

5. Scada Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Supervisory Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc Control Monitoring Limited Telemetry Remote/Local Data acquisition Access and acquire information or data from the equipment Sends it to different sites through telemetry Analog / Digital

6. What is control by scada in power system? Tap changers Switching devices Shunt capacitor/reactor Generator set points Excitation & power output Sequential control

7. Working principal of scada A SCADA system consists of a master station that communicates with remote terminal units (RTUs) for the purpose of allowing operators to observe and control physical plants. Generating plants and transmission substations certainly justify RTUs, and their installation is becoming more common in distribution substations as costs decrease. RTUs transmit device status and measurements to, and receive control commands and set point data from, the master station. Communication is generally via dedicated circuits operating in the range of 600 to 4800 bits/s

8. Architecture of scada

9. Major scada component SCADA Master Terminal Unit (MTU): The server that acts as SCADA system RTU/PLCs (remote terminal unit) : remote telemetry data acquisition units located at remote stations IED (intelligent electronic devices) smart sensors/actuators with intelligence to acquire data, process it, and communicate HMI (human-machine interface) : software to provide for visualization and interaction with SCADA

10. Mtu & Hmi Main component of mtu : Front End Processor Gathers all communications and converts them into SCADA friendly communication Communication interface between several RTU channels and the host Master Station computer SCADA server It can be a Web server Data logging Analyzing data Serve the clients through a firewall Clients connected in the corporation or connected outside through internet Real-time decision maker Asks RTU for information

11. Mtu & Hmi Safety/History & Redundant Server Logs the data from the SCADA server and stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster It is basically a safety server Human Machine Interface Computer Access on the SCADA Server Control the system Operator Interface Software User friendly Programmable (C , python, android)

12. Sensors and Actuators Sensors Pressure sensors Temperature sensors Light sensors Humidity sensors Wind speed sensors Water level sensors Distance sensors Actuators Valves Pumps Motors

13. Remote terminal units(RTU) & plc RTU – Remote Terminal Unit Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes Data logging and alarm handling Expandable Asks the field devices for information Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device) Slave/Master device PLC – Programmable Logic Controller Ladder logic Industrial computer that replaced relays Not a protocol converter Cannot control IEDs Communication compatibilities Takes actions based on its inputs

14. communications Communication systems: Switched Telephone Network Leased lines Private Network (LAN/RS-485) Internet Wireless Communication systems Wireless LAN Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Network Radio modems

15. communications Communication protocols MODBUS DNP 3.0 Fieldbus Controller Area Network (CAN) Profibus DirectNet TCP/IP Ethernet

16. Network

17. Communication topology

18. DCS DCS – Distributed Control System Process oriented – tendency to do something Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances Local control over the devices Subordinate to SCADA

19. Alarms and safety system Types of alarms Good alarms Critical failure alarms Actions Override the normal control system Take over the actuators

20. Generation of scada system

21. A typical scada control room

22. A typical scada control room

23. Control room data analysis and engineering

24. Power system security monitoring and control by scada

25. Modern Scada system map

26. Thanks