Generations of Computers

Presentation on all 5 Generations of Computers

1. “GENERATION OF COMPUTERS” 1

2. GENERATIONS OF COPMUTERS 2

3. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS First generation (Vacuum tube) 1946-1957 Second generation (Transistors) 1956-1963 Third generation (Integrated chips) 1964-1970 Fourth generation (Microprocessor) 1971-Present Fifth generation (Artificial intelligence) Present and Future 3

4. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS (1946-1957) Vacuum tubes were used in first generation computers. Vacuum tubes generated so much heat that they had to be cooled by air conditioner. Vacuum tubes burnt out very often and it was difficult to repair and maintain the computers of first generation. 4

5. C haracteristics of first generation computers Vacuum tube technology Slow in speed Huge size Expensive and unreliable Consumed lot of electricity Generated lot of heat Input based on punched cards Supported machine language only. 5

6. Some computers of this generation were: ENIAC UNIVAC EDSAC MARK 1 IMB 604 6

7. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS (1956-1963) In 1947, three scientists, William Shockley, John Bradeen and Walter Brattain invented transistors. Transistors functions like a vacuum tube. It replaced the vacuum tubes in second generation computers. Transistors was faster, more reliable, smaller and much cheaper than vacuum tube. 7

8. C haracteristics of second generation computers Use of transistors Smaller size as compared to first generation computers Faster than first generation computers Reliable as compared to First generation computers Reliable as compared to First generation computers Second generation computers used punched cards readers, magnetic tapes, magnetic disks and printers Support machine and assembly languages. 8

9. Some computers of this generation were: UNIVAC 2 IBM 7030 IBM 7780 IBM 7090 Control Data Corporation’s CDC 1604 computers. 9

10. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS (1963-1970) Integrated Circuits (ICs), also known as semiconductor chips were used in third generation of computers instead of transistors. IC chips were developed in early 1960s. A single IC chip contained large number of transistors. IC chips increased the power and decreased the cost of computers. Invention of IC chips was a great breakthrough in advancing computer technology. 10

11. C haracteristics of third generation computers IC used The IC chips improved the speed and memory of computers Consumed less electricity C heaper and more reliable than second generation computers Keyboard and monitors were used with the computer Support high level languages. 11

12. Some computers of this generation were: UNIVAC 1108 IBM System/360 IBM 370 UNIVAC 9000 etc. 12

13. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS (1971-PRESENT) In this generation of computers LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) chips having millions of transistors were developed. Microprocessor was also developed in fourth generation computers. A microprocessor is a single chip that all can handle all the processing of a computer. 13

14. C haracteristics of fourth generation computers : VLSI technology used Microprocessor are small in size Very reliable C onsume less power and are affordable Large variety of software is available for use Operating system having Graphical User Interface (GUI) These computers support multimedia software These computers support modern programming languages S upport a large variety of portable and wireless input/output devices. 14

15. Some computers of this generation were: IBM ThinkPad series HP Pavilion series Dell Inspiron series Apple’s MacBook Pro MacBook Air series 15

16. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER (PRESENT AND BEYOND) The goal of fifth generation computer is to develop devices that can develop devices that can understand natural language and have thinking power. This is a big challenge for computer developers and programmers to design such systems and software for them. 16

17. C haracteristics of fifth generation computers B ased on Artificial Intelligence (AI ) AI will minimize the need to write programs These computers will allow users to give command in any natural language such as English. 17

18. Some computers of this generation were: Robots Expert systems. 18

19. Thank you!!! 19