GENETIC BESIS OF BREEDING IN SELF-POLLINATED CROPS pptx.

SEMINAR- TOPIC GENETIC BESIS OF BREEDING IN SELF-POLLINATED CROPS
aman nag M.Sc. agriculture Genetics and plant Breeding J.V. college baraut baghpat

1. SEMINAR- TOPIC GENETIC BESIS OF BREEDING IN SELF-POLLINATED CROPS DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS & PLANT BREEDING SUBMITTED TO:- DR. R. K. GUPTA SIR DR. ANURAG TRIPATHI SIR DR. AMIT NAGAR SIR DR. AKANKHYA GURU MA’AM JANTA VEDIC COLLEGE , BARAUT BAGHPAT PRASENTED BY:- AMAN NAG

2. BREEDING METHODS OF SELF POLLINATED CROPS Mass Selection Pure lines Selection Pedigree Selection Bulk Method Back Cross Method

3. MASS SELECTION In mass selection , a large number of plant of similar phenotype are selected and their seed are mixed together to constitute the new variety. Selection is usually done for easily observable characters like plant height, ear type, grain color, grain size, disease resistant, tillering ability, lodging resistance, shattering resistant etc.

4. APPLICATION OF MASS SELECTION Improvement of Desi and local varieties. Purification of the existing pure line varieties.

5. PROCEDURE OF MASS SELECTION For improvement of desi and local varieties

6. Purification of the existing pureline varieties PURIFICATION OF EXISTING PURELINE VARIETIES

7. Purification of the existing pureline varieties MERIT OF MASS SELECTION Purification of pure line varieties. Less time consuming. Wide adaptability expensive. Wide genetic base. Stability. Improvement of characters with high heritability.

8. Purification of the existing pureline varieties Certification is difficult. May not be as uniform as a pure line variety. Selection occurs in a single environment. Selection based on single plant characteristics. DEMERIT OF MASS SELECTION

9. PURELINES SELECTION Given by:- W.L. Johannsen in 1903 Pureline :- A pureline is the progeny of a single, homozygous, self-pollinated plant. Defination :- In pureline selection, a large number of plants are selected from a self-pollinated crop and harvested individually; individual plant progenies from them are evaluated, and the best progeny is related as a pure line variety. APPLICATION OF PURELINE SELECTION Improvement of Local Varieties. Selection in Introduced Varieties. Improvement of Old Pure line Varieties. Selection for a New Characteristics in a pure line.

10. PROCEDURE OF PURELINE SELECTION

11. ADVANTAGE OF PURELINE SELECTION Pureline varieties are extremely; they are more preferred by farmers and consumers. Due to its extreme uniformity, the varieties is easily identified in seed certification programmes. Pureline selection is a cheap and easy method of crop improvement. DISADVANTAGEOF PURELINE SELECTION Pureline selection requires more times. Poor adaptability. Ineffective selection.

12. PEDIGREE SELECTION Given by:- Love in 1927 In this method , individuals plant are selected from F2 and subsequent generations, their progenies are grown, and a record of all parent off-spring relationships is maintained. Pedigree record:- Detailed record of relationships between the selected plants and their progenies. APPLICATION OF PEDIGREE METHOD Improvement weakness of a variety. Most commonly used method for selection from segregating generations of crosses in self-pollinated crops. Pedigree method is also useful in the selection of new superior recombinant types.

13. PROCEDURE FOR PEDIGREE METHOD

14. MERITS OF PEDIGREE METHOD It take less time than the bulk method to development a new variety. There are chances of recovering transgressive segregants by pedigree method. It is well suited for the improvement of easily identified and simply inherited characters. This method gives the maximum opportunity for the breeder to use his skill and judgement for selection of desirable plants, particularly in the early segregating generations .

15. ACHIEVEMENT Rice:- IR8, Bala Kaveri, Ratna, Sabarmati, Karuna, etc. Wheat:- HDCSW-18, HD-3226, etc Selection for yield in F2 and F3 is ineffective. The success of this method largely depends on skill of the breeder. There is no opportunity for natural selection to influence the populations. DEMERITS OF PEDIGREE METHOOD

16. BULK METHOD The bulk method was first used by :- Nilsson- Ehle in 1908 This method is also known as mass method or population method of breeding. In this method, F2 and subsequent generations are harvested in mass or bulk to raise the next generation. Duration of bulking periods depent on the objective of bulk method. For isolation of homozygous line:6-8 generation of bulking is enough.

17. APPLICATION OF BULK METHOD Isolation of homozygous lines. Waiting for the Opportunity for selection. Opportunity for Netural Selection.

18. PROCEDURE OF BULK METHOD

19. MERITS OF BULK METHOD Bulk method is simple, convenient and inexpensive. It is the suitable for studies on the survival of genes and gynotypes in population. Extremely uniform. Easier than hybridization DEMERITS OF BULK SELECTION Little opportunity for breeder skill. Large number of progenies to select. No information on inheritance of characters. Time-consuming. No pedigree record. Not suitable for greenhouses. Natural selection may work against desirable traits. Population cannot realize maximum potential. Final population is not as uniform.

20. BACKCROSS METHOD A cross between a hybrid (F1 or segregating generation) and one of its parents is known as backcross. In this method, the hybrid and progenies in the subsequent generation are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents of F1. This is only breeding method suitable for transfer of genes and chromosome from one species to another. This method is widely used in developing disease resistance variety. Recipient parents: a well developed variety but it is deficient to some specific genes like disease resistant gene. In backcross method, recipient parent is repeatedly used. It is generally known as recurrent parents. Donor parents: usually wild variety has most intense form of gene, which are deficient in the recipient parents.

21. APPLICATION OF BACKCROSS METHOD Transfer to Cytoplasm. Germplasm Conversion. Intervarietal Transfer of Simply Inherited Characters. Production of Near- Isogenic line Genotype of backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of parents to which the backcrosses are made. About 6-8 backcross generations are required to make backcross progeny identical to parents .

22. PROCEDURE OF BACKCROSS METHOD

23. MERITS OF BACKCROSS METHOD Requires few plant. New variety is similar to recurrent parent. Does not require testing. Decreases amount of field testing. Predictability. This is the only method for interspecific genestransfers . DEMERITS OF BACKCROSS METHOD Undesirable genes: Undesirable genes may be transferred to the new variety. Time: Hybridization is required for each backcross, which takes time. Gene combination: Genes from more than two parents cannot be combined. Recessive traits: Backcrossing is more restricted for recessive traits. Undesirable genes closely linked

24. Achievements This is the only breeding method suitable for transfer of genes and chromosomes from one species to another. Wheat varieties :- Transfer, Kalyan Sona, Cotton varieties :- 170-Co2, 134-Co2M Dharwar -American 2-6-5, Combodia Co2

25. References- B.D Singh Book Google Chrome (Internet) Website – Agricoop