genetic diversity and implications for the control of infectious bronchitis

genetic diversity and implications for the control of infectious bronchitis

1. Genetic diversity and its implications for the control of infectious bronchitis in Sub-Saharan Africa Centre for advanced medical research and training (CAMRET), UDUS Narrative review protocol By Buhari bawa

2. Outline Introduction Statement of the problem Justification Aim and objectives Methodology Summary References

3. Introduction Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the respiratory, reproductive, and renal systems of chickens of all ages and types (Bali et al., 2022 ). IB is considered one of the economically important diseases of poultry globally IB is caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of the genus Gammacoronavirus , subfamily Coronavirinae , family Coronaviridae , and  order Nidovirales ( Mungadi et al., 2023).

4. Introduction cont… Genome of IBV is linear + ve sense SS RNA ̴̴27.6 kb ( Yury et al., 2007). The genome undergoes genetic recombination and spontaneous mutation ( Ramakrishnan and Kappala , 2019).

5. Introduction cont… Vaccination forms the backbone of IB control programme ( Birhan et al., 2021). However, vaccination is less fruitful as a result of the persistent rise of antigenic variants and less cross-protection between the variants ( Birhan et al., 2021).

6. Statement of the problem Infectious bronchitis (IBV) is characterized by highest frequency of new variants appearing among coronaviruses ( Yury et al., 2007). This is due to frequent mutation and recombination of the S gene which codes for spike protein (Richard 2010). Several circulating variants of IBV which may not confer cross protection on each other have been identified in poultry worldwide.

7. Justification Studying the genetic diversity of IBV helps in identifying these variants, enabling the development of effective control and prevention strategies, such as vaccine development and biosecurity measures.

8. Aim and objectives Aim This review aims to identify genetic diversity among IBV isolated in Sub Saharan Africa and its implication on the control of infectious bronchitis Specific objectives To identify the genotypes and lineages of IBV circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa To identify the impacts of diversity on control of IBV To recommend appropriate control measures

9. Study design: Narrative review Data sources: Google scholar Pubmed Sciencedirect Search strategy: Key words with Boo lean operators Inclusion criteria: Articles that characterized IBV in Sub- saharan Africa Exclusion criteria: Articles published in languages other than English Data extraction: Studies that meet inclusion criteria Methodology

10. Some selected studies S/No Title References 1. Unique Variants of Avian Coronaviruses from Indigenous Chickens in Kenya Henry. et al., 2023 3. Full genome sequence analysis of a newly emerged QX-like infectious bronchitis virus from Sudan reveals distinct spots of recombination Mahmoud , 2016 4. Novel Lineage of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Sub-Saharan Africa Identified by Random Amplification and Next-Generation Sequencing of Viral Genome Krisztina et al., 2022

11. Summary IB is a contagious viral disease of poultry associated with significant economic losses It is caused by IBV . the genome is associated with high rate of mutation and recombination leading to emergence of new variant Studying genetic diversity is important for the effective control of IB Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication

12. References Bali, K.; Kaszab , E.; Marton , S.; Hamdiou , S.H.; Bentaleb , R.K.; Kiss, I.; Palya , V.; Bányai , K. Novel Lineage of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from Sub-Saharan Africa Identified by Random Amplification and Next-Generation Sequencing of Viral Genome. Life 2022, 12, 475. https:// doi.org/10.3390/life12040475 Ramakrishnan , S., Kappala , D. (2019). Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus. In: Malik , Y., Singh, R., Yadav , M. ( eds ) Recent Advances in Animal Virology . Springer, Singapore. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_16 Yury A. B., Galina V. B. , Lidiya O. S. , Alexander V. B. & Vladimir V. D. (2007). Molecular epizootiology of avian infectious bronchitis in Russia . Avian Pathology .35:5 Pages 379-393. https:// doi.org/10.1080/03079450600921008 Birhan M., M. Temesgen , A. Shite , N. Berhane , M. Bitew , E. Gelaye , T. Abayneh , and B. Getachew (2021). Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chicken in Northwest Ethiopia. Hindawi . Article ID 4553890 https:// doi.org/10.1155/2021/4553890 Mungadi , H. U., Garba , S., Shehu , Z., Ahmad, U. S., Jimoh , A. A., Ibitoye , E. B., Shuaibu , A. B., Zubair , R. & Salman , M. (2023). Serological Survey of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chickens in Sokoto State Nigeria. East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnolog . 5(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1119

13. Thank you for listening