Genetics and Genes Science Presentation.pptx

Introduction to Genetics

1. GENETICS: INTRO TO GENES Science Presentation

2. GENETICS Genetics is termed as the study to understand the functioning of inheritance of traits from parents to offspring. The groundwork on which heredity stands is known as inheritance. It is defined as the procedure by which characteristics are handed down from one generation to the other.

3. VARIATIONS Genetic variation can be defined as the genetic makeup of organisms within a population change.

4. GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden. Mendel's observations became the foundation of modern genetics and the study of heredity, and he is widely considered a pioneer in the field of genetics.

5. Mendelian Genetics reviews the basic laws of inheritance that were described by Gregor Mendel. Molecolur genetics deals with the chemical nature of the gene, the mechanisms of transmission, and its varied applications. Population genetics focuses on the behavior of a particular gene in a group of organisms and how gene frequently is affected by environmental factors.

6. WHAT ARE GENES? Genes are small units of information inside our cells that contain instructions for how our bodies develop and function. They 'code' for traits like our eye color, hair color, and height.

7. ALLELE An allele is a particular form of a gene and they are passed from parents to their offspring.

8. GENOTYPE the combination of two alleles, one received from each parent.

9. WHAT IS DNA? DNA is a molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms. It looks like a twisted ladder (double helix) and is found inside the nucleus of our cells. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.

10. G THE GENETIC CODE The genetic code is like a language that DNA uses to give instructions to cells. C

11. All genetic code is made up of combinations of four chemical units called nucleotides: ADENINE (A) THYMINE (T) CYTOSINE (C) GUANINE (G)

12. Adenine pairs with Thymine (A with T) Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G with C)

13. WHAT DOES THE CODE TRANSLATE TO? A, C, G and T occurs in different combinations to code for a specific amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. This means our DNA codes for different proteins that perform specific functions in our body.

14. C hromosomes are long, thread-like structures made up of DNA and proteins. They carry many genes and are found inside the nucleus of our cells. Genes are segments of DNA located on structures called chromosomes. WHERE DO OUR GENES LIVE?

15. FUN FACT Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, which come in pairs, with 23 inherited from each parent.

16. We need genes because they contain the instructions for building and maintaining our bodies. WHY DO WE NEED GENES? They also play a crucial role in passing traits from parents to children through reproduction.

17. GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL Father of Genetics Studied pea plant they grow rapidly, have 7 easy to observe contrasting traits, can self-pollinate (fertilize itself), cross pollinate (fertilize different plant)