GEOGRAPGY OF TAMIL NADU.pptx for schools

ppt on the geography on the state of Tamil Nadu

1. GEOGRAPGY OF TAMIL NADU

2. OVERVIEW With a land size of 130,058 square kilometers (50,216 square miles), Tamil Nadu is the ninth largest state in India. Tamil Nadu geography consists of the Indian Ocean surrounded to its south, the Bay of Bengal to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the north, Kerala to the west, and Karnataka to the northwest. Tamil Nadu is home to Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari), the Indian Peninsula's southernmost tip and the location of the intersection of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Indian Ocean.

3. Geographical Factors Tamil is rich in physical features as it has mountains, valleys, plateau, plains and sea shores. Tamil Nadu has hills and mountains north eastern and western parts where the Eastern Ghats meet the western ghats . Ooty , Kodaikanal , Kothagiri and Yercaud are situated here. There are only two major gaps (Palakkad gap and Shencottah gap) into the long chain of hills that border western. TN also has the Annamalai running west to east on the southern side. The northern parts are mostly a mix of hills and plains. The central and the south-central regions are arid plains. The eastern parts of Tamil Nadu are fertile coastal plains

4. GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDRIES Tamil Nadu, situated in the southern region of India, shares its geographical boundaries with several neighboring states and bodies of water. To the west, it is bordered by Kerala, while Karnataka lies to the northwest. Moving north, Tamil Nadu shares its northern border with Andhra Pradesh. To the east, the state is flanked by the Bay of Bengal, and to the south, it is surrounded by the vast Indian Ocean. Tamil Nadu's strategic geographic location plays a pivotal role in trade and commerce in South India. Its extensive coastline along the Bay of Bengal has historically facilitated sea trade and supported a thriving fishing industry. Moreover, Tamil Nadu's position at the southernmost tip of the Indian subcontinent makes it a crucial gateway for trade routes connecting India to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. This geographical advantage has contributed significantly to the state's economic and cultural exchange with neighboring regions and nations over the centuries.

5. RELIEF, DRAINAGE AND SOILS T amil Nadu's natural landscape is characterized by its division between the flat coastal regions in the east and the hilly terrain in the north and west. The expansive Kaveri River delta forms the widest part of the eastern plains, while further south lie the arid flatlands surrounding Ramanathapuram and Madurai. Along the state's western border, the towering peaks of the Western Ghats, including the Nilgiri , Anaimalai , and Palni hills, reach elevations exceeding 8,000 feet, with Anai Peak in the Anaimalai Hills standing as the highest mountain in peninsular India at 8,842 feet. In the central region, the lower peaks of the Eastern Ghats, including the Javadi , Kalrayan , and Shevaroy hills, traverse the landscape. Several major rivers, including the Kaveri , Ponnaiyar , Palar , Vaigai , and Tambraparni , flow eastward from these inland hills. In terms of soil, aside from the fertile alluvial soil found in the river deltas, Tamil Nadu predominantly features clays, loams, sands, and red laterites, with pockets of black cotton-growing regur soil in the central, west-central, and southeastern regions.

6. Flora And Fauna Forests cover approximately 15 percent of Tamil Nadu's territory. At the lofty elevations of the Western Ghats, subalpine vegetation thrives. Along the eastern flank of the Western Ghats and in the hills of the northern and central districts, the plant life exhibits a blend of evergreen and deciduous species, some of which have evolved to thrive in arid conditions. The state is home to several national parks and over a dozen wildlife and bird sanctuaries, with notable examples being the Mudlumbai Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in the Nilgiri Hills and the extensive Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park located at the southern tip of the Western Ghats. These sanctuaries provide a secure habitat for a diverse range of fauna, including elephants, gaurs (wild cattle), Nilgiri tahrs ( goatlike mammals), wild boars, sloth bears, and various species of deer. Tigers, leopards, and various primates such as macaques, langurs, and lorises also inhabit these areas. Venomous king cobras are among the reptile species that inhabit Tamil Nadu. Woodpeckers and flycatchers are common in woodland areas, while aquatic birds find sanctuary in the Vedantangal sanctuary situated in the south-central part of the state.B

7. Geographical Features of Tamil Nadu Tamil is rich in physical features as it has mountains, valleys, plateau, plains and sea shores. Tamil Nadu has hills and mountains north eastern and western parts where the Eastern Ghats meet the western ghats . Ooty , Kodaikanal , Kothagiri and Yercaud are situated here. There are only two major gaps (Palakkad gap and Shencottah gap) into the long chain of hills that border western Tamil Nadu. The hills of the Western Ghats have dense forests and reach upto Kanyakumari. The scenic valleys here are dotted with tea, spice and coffee plantations. TN also has the Annamalai running west to east on the southern side. The northern parts are mostly a mix of hills and plains. The central and the south-central regions are arid plains. The eastern parts of Tamil Nadu are however fertile coastal plains.

8. PLATEAUS OF TAMIL NADU The Eastern and Western Ghats meet at the Nilgiris plateau. Four km from this plateau, it slopes gently downwards to about 1,800 m towards Coimbatore. It extends from the Nilgiris to Dharmapuri plateau or Bramahal plateau and lies to the west of Shervaroy uplands. This plateau is found with extreme abruptness on all sides and it merges with Mysore plateau in the west. Plateaus of Tamil Nadu can be grouped into two as Coimbatore plateau and Madurai plateau.