GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY, CONCEPT, TECHNIQUES AND ITS COMPONENTS. pptx

GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY, CONCEPT, TECHNIQUES, AND ITS COMPONENTS.

1. PRESENTED BY: - MALOTH SURESH ROLL NO: - 65 SEMESTER: - VIII SESSION: - 2018-19 B.SC(HONS) FORESTRY UNDER THE GUIDANCE : - Dr. J. K. Kerketta DEPTT.: SILVICULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY FACULTY OF FORESTRY BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY COURSE: - AGRICULTURAL INFORMATICS (BS 4218 ) PRESENTATION ON: - GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY, CONCEPT, TECHNIQUES AND ITS COMPONENTS

2. Geospatial Technology  is an emerging field of study that includes Geographic Information System ( GIS ), Remote Sensing ( RS ), and Global Positioning System ( GPS ). Geospatial technology enables us to acquire data that is referenced to the earth and use it for analysis, modeling, simulations, and visualization. Geospatial technology allows us to make informed decisions based on the importance and priority of resources most of which are limited in nature. These tools  capture spatial information about objects, events and phenomena  (indexed to their geographical location on earth, geotag). The location data  may be Static or Dynamic. Geospatial Technology  

3. Static location data include position of a road, an earthquake event or malnutrition among children in a particular region while dynamic location data include data related to a moving vehicle or pedestrian, the spread of an infectious disease etc. The technology may be used  to create intelligent maps to help identify spatial patterns in large volumes of data. The technology  facilitates decision making based on the importance and priority of scarce resources.

4. India’s Geospatial Sector India has a robust ecosystem in geospatial, with the  Survey of India ( SoI ) , the  Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),  Remote Sensing Application Centres (RSACs), and the National Informatics Centre (NIC) in particular, and all ministries and departments, in general, using geospatial technology. In 2021, the geospatial market was  dominated by defence and intelligence  (14.05 %), urban development (12.93 %) and utilities (11 %) segments, cumulatively accounting for 37.98% of the total geospatial market. In 2021, the Ministry of Science and Technology released new guidelines for the Geo-Spatial Sector in India, which deregulates existing protocol and liberalises the sector to a more competitive field.

5. Comprehensive introduction of geospatial techniques , data management in relation with remote sensing, GIS, GPS, geodatesets , geovisualization and geomatics Integrates research and developments to real-world application in the field of geospatial techniques, remote sensing, GIS, GPS, geodatesets , geovisualization and geomatics Presents recent advancement in the management of world resources special reference to environmental management, natural resources management, disaster management, land information system management, etc. Presents the latest state of the art in research and development results on this topic, updated software and hardware status, research and industrial challenges and opportunities Investigates how some advanced geospatial technologies can be applied to current academic and industrial research systems

6. Components of a GIS Hardware 1 People 4 5 Methods 2 Software 3 Data

7. Components of a GIS A working GIS integrates five key components: hardware, software, data, people, and methods. Hardware Hardware is the computer on which a GIS operates. Today, GIS software runs on a wide range of hardware types, from centralized computer servers to desktop computers used in stand-alone or networked configurations. Computer hardware can be categorized as being either internal or external components. Generally, internal hardware components are those necessary for the proper functioning of the computer, while external hardware components are attached to the computer to add or enhance functionality.  It encompasses everything with a circuit board that operates within a PC or laptop; including the motherboard, graphics card, CPU (Central Processing Unit), ventilation fans, webcam, power supply, and so on.

8. Software GIS software provides the functions and tools needed to store, analyze, and display geographic information. Key software components are: · Tools for the input and manipulation of geographic information · A database management system (DBMS) · Tools that support geographic query, analysis, and visualization · A graphical user interface (GUI) for easy access to tools.

9. Data Possibly the most important component of a GIS is the data. Geographic data and related tabular data can be collected in-house or purchased from a commercial data provider. A GIS will integrate spatial data with other data resources and can even use a DBMS, used by most organizations to organize and maintain their data, to manage spatial data. Computer data is information processed or stored by a computer. This information may be in the form of text documents, images, audio clips, software programs, or other types of data. Computer data may be processed by the computer's  CPU  and is stored in  files  and  folders  on the computer's  hard disk . At its most rudimentary level, computer data is a bunch of ones and zeros, known as  binary  data. Because all computer data is in binary format, it can be created, processed, saved, and stored  digitally . This allows data to be transferred from one computer to another using a network connection or various media devices. It also does not deteriorate over time or lose quality after being used multiple times.

10. People GIS technology is of limited value without the people who manage the system and develop plans for applying it to real world problems. GIS users range from technical specialists who design and maintain the system to those who use it to help them perform their everyday work. Methods A successful GIS operates according to a well-designed plan and business rules, which are the models and operating practices unique to each organization.

11. THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and Remote Sensing (RS).

12. GIS Geospatial analysis, using GIS, was developed for problems in the environmental and life sciences, in particular ecology, geology, and epidemiology.  It has extended to almost all industries including defense, intelligence, utilities, natural resources (i.e. oil and gas, forestry etc.), social sciences, medicine, and public safety (i.e. emergency management and criminology).  Spatial statistics typically result primarily from observation rather than experimentation. Hundreds of thousands of organizations in virtually every field are using GIS to make maps that communicate, perform analysis, share information, and solve complex problems around the world. Maps Maps are the geographic container for the data layers and analytics you want to work. Data GIS integrates many different kinds of data layers using spatial location. Analysis Spatial analysis lets you evaluate suitability and capability, estimate and predict, interpret and understand, and much more, lending new perspectives to your insight and decision-making .

13. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the US Department of Defense.  GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use.  GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. This GPS consists of three segments: the space segment, the control segment, and the user segment.  The US Air Force develops, maintains, and operates the space and control segments. Space Segment The space segment consists of a nominal constellation of 24 operating satellites that transmit one-way signals that give the current GPS satellite position and time.  Control Segment The control segment consists of worldwide monitor and control stations that maintain the satellites in their proper orbits through occasional command maneuvers, and adjust the satellite clocks.  It tracks the GPS satellites, uploads updated navigational data, and maintains health and status of the satellite constellation. 

14. Remote Sensing (RS) GIS includes maps, vector information, and imagery.  The collection of imagery is commonly achieved through remote sensing.  Remote sensing started with aerial photography in the late 1800's onboard a balloon.  Air-planes were used to collect information from above in the early 1900s, and the first image taken from space was aboard the Apollo spacecraft in 1969.  In the early 1970s the first imaging satellite (ERTS-1) collected imagery of the Earth.  Images continue to be for commercial and personal use on the Internet. collected from both space and aircraft, and are available.  This process involves the detection and measurement of radiation of different wavelengths reflected or emitted from distant objects or materials, by which they may be identified and categorized by class/type, substance, and spatial distribution. For example, a laser-beam remote sensing system projects a laser onto the surface of Earth and measures the time that it takes for the laser to reflect back to its sensor.

15. THANK YOU