Gerbera english

All about production technology of gerbera.

1. STI 06STI 06 11
GERBERAGERBERA
= herbras – = herbras – Gerbera jamesoniiGerbera jamesonii
- As Ornamental Plant and cut flower - As Ornamental Plant and cut flower
Perennial plant , Perennial plant ,
Origin from South Africa Origin from South Africa
famili Compositaefamili Compositae

2. STI 06 2

Produce divisions and flowering Produce divisions and flowering
continously everytime from old clump continously everytime from old clump
secara bergantiansecara bergantian

High can reach until 50 cm, root High can reach until 50 cm, root
spread (serabut)spread (serabut)

Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelah Single Leaf, roset shape, bercelah
tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering tidak rata ditumbuhi bulu, flowering
at tip of the stem, long stalk.at tip of the stem, long stalk.

berbentuk cakramberbentuk cakram

3. STI 06 3

Petal of Flower have Petal of Flower have
similarity with similarity with
kumpulan pita kumpulan pita
tersusun rapi tersusun rapi
membulatmembulat

Each of stalk,various, Each of stalk,various,
red, pink, yellow, red, pink, yellow,
krem dan orangekrem dan orange

4. STI 06 4
There are 3 structure petal of Gerbera There are 3 structure petal of Gerbera
flower:flower:

SingleSingle : petal of flower – only 1 layer, : petal of flower – only 1 layer,
usually single ( white, red and yellow )usually single ( white, red and yellow )

Double Double : petal of flower consist of 2 layer : petal of flower consist of 2 layer
 various flower, more than 1 colour . various flower, more than 1 colour .

TripleTriple : petal of flower consist of 3 layer : petal of flower consist of 3 layer
 the colour more than 2 colour. the colour more than 2 colour.

5. STI 06 5
Growth RequirementGrowth Requirement

Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in Vegetatif – Generatif growth optimal in
the altitude of 600 – 1400 m dplthe altitude of 600 – 1400 m dpl

Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27 Full intensity of light, temperature 21 – 27
0 0
C, minimum 16C, minimum 16
00
CC

Fertile soil, rich organic material, have Fertile soil, rich organic material, have
good aeration and porous.good aeration and porous.

pH 5.5 – 6, soil pH 5.5 – 6, soil  must have good Water must have good Water
Holding CapacityHolding Capacity

Add gambut atau pukan yang telah Add gambut atau pukan yang telah
terdekomposisiterdekomposisi

6. STI 06 6
Cultivation of Cultivation of
PlantPlant

Seed and Propagation of Seed and Propagation of
Plant Plant

Field CultivationField Cultivation

Plantting Plantting

Re-planting Re-planting

Watering Watering

Weeding dan Weeding dan
penggemburanpenggemburan

DefoliationDefoliation

Fertilizing Fertilizing

Handling of Pest and Handling of Pest and
DiseaseDisease

Harvest and Post HarvestHarvest and Post Harvest

7. STI 06 7
Seed and Propagation of Plant Seed and Propagation of Plant

Seedling should be have same size Seedling should be have same size  agar agar
tumbuh serempaktumbuh serempak

Free from pest and disease , Free from pest and disease ,

Provided with prosperous enoughProvided with prosperous enough

Seedling from tissue culture Seedling from tissue culture  Commercial for Commercial for
breeder breeder  from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV, from Holland Florist de Kwakel BV,
Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel Presman Gerbera BV, Piet Schreurs de Kwakel
BV BV

Generatif propagation Generatif propagation  for pot plant or for pot plant or
vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang vegetatif with splitting / divisions or cut rimpang
divisions from mother plant that healthy and the divisions from mother plant that healthy and the
age up to 1,5 yearsage up to 1,5 years

The young divisions The young divisions  not produce generatif not produce generatif
shoot yet.shoot yet.

8. STI 06 8

Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3 Washing and clean up with leave it 2 -3
leafleaf

Pulse and place for few minute in Pulse and place for few minute in
Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15 Benlate 0.5 g/l or Previcur 1 cc/l for 15
minute minute

For stimulate the root For stimulate the root  used Rootone F used Rootone F
( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide )( Plant Growth Regulator + fungicide )

9. STI 06 9

Planting to the row, with mix media Soil Planting to the row, with mix media Soil
: pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x : pukan = 2 : 1 with plant spacing 5 x
5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm 5 cm (for smaller varieties) and 7x7 cm
( for bigger varieties ) ( for bigger varieties )

Drench 1 – 2 / day Drench 1 – 2 / day  see the weather see the weather
conditioncondition

Ready to planting Ready to planting  age’s 3 – 4 weeks age’s 3 – 4 weeks
when have 12 new leaves and when have 12 new leaves and
root 3 – 5 cmroot 3 – 5 cm

10. STI 06 10
Cultivation the fieldCultivation the field

Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting Cultivate 2 – 3 weeks before planting

cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil cangkul dengan deepth 40 cm until soil
structure fertile enough structure fertile enough

Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the Make row width 1 m heigth 25 cm, and the
distance between row 50 cmdistance between row 50 cm

Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 – Add pukan/organic material decomposizied 2 –
3 m3 m
33
/100m/100m
22
– mix until complete – mix until complete

1 weeks before planting 1 weeks before planting + Urea 40 g, TSP + Urea 40 g, TSP
60g and KCl 75g per m60g and KCl 75g per m
22

Soil sterilization with basamid or steamingSoil sterilization with basamid or steaming

11. STI 06 11
Planting Planting

Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the row Palnting with 40 cm between outside of the row
and 30 inside rowand 30 inside row

Plant hole : 1 cangkulanPlant hole : 1 cangkulan

Planting all of root Planting all of root  leher akar tertimbun leher akar tertimbun
tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau tanah, jangan ada akar yang terlipat atau
diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan diluruskan ke bawah tetapi dihamparkan
horisontal didasar lubang horisontal didasar lubang  early morning or early morning or
afternoon afternoon  drench / watering it. drench / watering it.

12. STI 06 12

Replanting Replanting

Replanting not more than 30 Replanting not more than 30
days in the morning or days in the morning or
afternoon.afternoon.

Watering Watering

Normal condition : require 6 Normal condition : require 6
liter/hr/mliter/hr/m
22

Before the initiation of Before the initiation of
flowering flowering  can applied can applied
overhead sprinkler, after overhead sprinkler, after
that that  can use drip irigation can use drip irigation

13. STI 06 13
Weeding dan penggemburanWeeding dan penggemburan

Weeding to reduce the competition between Weeding to reduce the competition between
plant and weed.plant and weed.

Penggemburan to increase the soil porosity Penggemburan to increase the soil porosity  to to
make better aerase & drainase.make better aerase & drainase.

Weeding and penggemburan biasanya Weeding and penggemburan biasanya  do it do it
all together dengan pembubunan to make main all together dengan pembubunan to make main
stalk stalk  in surface of soil. in surface of soil.

14. STI 06 14
DefoliationDefoliation

Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or Put off dried leaf and dried flower, wilted or
infected pest and diseaseinfected pest and disease

Do it together with penjarangan rumpun. Do it together with penjarangan rumpun.
Crowded clump Crowded clump  invite the pest and disease invite the pest and disease
 flower has decreasing quality flower has decreasing quality  smaller smaller
stem and size of flower smaller too.stem and size of flower smaller too.

15. STI 06 15
Fertilizing Fertilizing

Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer Organic gertilizer –pukan ayam before basic fertilizer 
re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2re-applied every each years : 1 – 2 kg/m2

Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting Plant that age : 1 – 2 month after planting  200g Urea, 200g Urea,
100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3 100 g KNO3 dissolved with 100 l air with application 3
liter/mliter/m
22
– watering the row once a week. – watering the row once a week.

After the age 2 month more After the age 2 month more  10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per 10 – 5 g NPK 15:15:15 per
plant and 7 gram MgSOplant and 7 gram MgSO
44 / m2 sowing surrounded the / m2 sowing surrounded the
plant plant  application 1 years application 1 years  once time once time

Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10 Foliage fertilizer and Plant Growth Regulator (ZPT) 10
lliter foliage fertilizer/m2lliter foliage fertilizer/m2

Green Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 with Green Vitabloom (30-10-10) and yellow 5-50-17 with
consentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotationconsentration 3 g / liter every weeks, need rotation

Atonik 1cc/10 l water Atonik 1cc/10 l water  applied together with vitabloom, applied together with vitabloom,
to stimulate root and leave growth .to stimulate root and leave growth .

16. STI 06 16

Handling Pest and Handling Pest and
DiseaseDisease

Tungau, kumbang, Tungau, kumbang,
ulat, kutu daun,, ulat, kutu daun,,
thrips, belalang, siputthrips, belalang, siput

Penyakit Bercak daun Penyakit Bercak daun
Coreospora, kapang Coreospora, kapang
kelabu, tepungkelabu, tepung

17. STI 06 17

18. STI 06 18
Harvest and Post Harvest Harvest and Post Harvest

11
s ts t
flower and 2 flower and 2
n dn d
flower (3 – 5 month flower (3 – 5 month
after planting ) after planting )  put off because < put off because <
standar, more than 6 month standar, more than 6 month  better better
qualityquality

¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest ¾ rise and open up – ready to harvest
and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang and have 1 – 2 lingkar cincin benang
sarisari

Harvest with hand, the method : Panen Harvest with hand, the method : Panen
dengan tangan dengan cara memutar dengan tangan dengan cara memutar
dan pull off – pulse into the water and dan pull off – pulse into the water and
placed in the shade place. placed in the shade place.

Per clump Per clump  produce 5 – 15 kuntum/ produce 5 – 15 kuntum/
years or 35 – 105 kuntum per myears or 35 – 105 kuntum per m
22

19. STI 06 19
Harvest :Harvest :

Sortiage < 40 cm pull offSortiage < 40 cm pull off

> 40 cm good flower, free > 40 cm good flower, free
from pest and disease, from pest and disease,
fresh and each of flower fresh and each of flower
wraped by paper wraped by paper
berbentuk kerucut, ikat berbentuk kerucut, ikat
per 10 tangkai – wraped per 10 tangkai – wraped
paper.paper.

For delivery outside city For delivery outside city
and export and export  packing in packing in
special kardusspecial kardus

ditata mendatar dan ditata mendatar dan
rtangkai sejajar, tangkai rtangkai sejajar, tangkai
diberi tabung plastik yang diberi tabung plastik yang
berisi airberisi air

20. STI 06 20