Germany in wwii

Germany in WWII

1. Germany’s WWII Story 1919-1945

2. Treaty of Versailles

3. Treaty of Versailles Territorial The following land was taken away from Germany : Alsace-Lorraine (given to France) Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium) Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark) Hultschin (given to Czechoslovakia) West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia (given to Poland) The Saar, Danzig and Memel were put under the control of the League of Nations and the people of these regions would be allowed to vote to stay in Germany or not in a future referendum. The League of Nations also took control of Germany's overseas colonies. Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Some of this land was made into new states : Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. An enlarged Poland also received some of this land

4. Treaty of Versailles Military Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men; the army was not allowed tanks Germany was not allowed to have an air force Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships and no submarines The Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone ( DMZ) No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone The Allies were to keep an army of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for 15 years

5. Treaty of Versailles Financial The loss of vital industrial territory would be a severe blow to Germany’s economy Coal from the Saar and Upper Silesia in particular Germany had to pay $33 billion to the Allies(GB/France )

6. Treaty of Versailles General 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war. This was Clause 231 - the infamous "War Guilt Clause". 2. Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria 3 . A League of Nations was set up to keep world peace. 

7. The German Reaction to the Treaty of Versailles There was anger throughout Germany when the terms were made public The Treaty was seen by many Germans as being forced on them and the Germans had no choice but to sign it Many in Germany did not want the Treaty signed German representatives in Paris knew that they had no choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war again Many right wing groups such as the Nazis believed in the Dolchstoss Theory(Stab in the Back Theory) Blamed the “November Criminals”(the Weimer Republic) for accepting treaty

8. Weimar Republic

9. Hitler as a B aby in Austria Born in 1889

10. Führer

11. Swastika

12. Beer Hall Putsch-1923

13. Hitler’s Trial-1924

14. Hitler in Prison- -Sentenced for 5 Years -Served 9 Months-Good Behavior

15. Mein Kampf

16. Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Excerpts “If, with the help of his Marxist creed, the Jew is victorious over the other peoples of the world, his crown will be the funeral wreath of humanity and this planet will, as it did thousands of years ago, move through the ether devoid of men.” “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord .” “Here he stops at nothing, and in his vileness he becomes so gigantic that no one need be surprised if among our people the personification of the devil as the symbol of all evil assumes the living shape of the Jew.” “With satanic joy in his face, the black-haired Jewish youth lurks in wait for the unsuspecting girl whom he defiles with his blood, thus stealing her from her people. With every means he tries to destroy the racial foundations of the people he has set out to subjugate. Just as he himself systematically ruins women and girls, he does not shrink back from pulling down the blood barriers for others, even on a large scale. It was and it is Jews who bring the Negroes into the Rhineland, always with the same secret thought and clear aim of ruining the hated white race by the necessarily resulting bastardization, throwing it down from its cultural and political height, and himself rising to be its master.”

17. Hitler Rise To Power Hitler is appointed Chancellor is 1933 President Paul von Hindenburg dies shortly after and Hitler dissolves the Weimer Republic Early Actions of Hitler: Drops out of the League of Nations Starts rearming Germany Rearms the German Rhineland area

18. Anschluss with Austria-1938

19. Sudetenland Crisis-1938 “Re-uniting German speaking peoples”

20. Sudetenland/Munich Conference-1938

21. Munich Conference Neville Chamberlain-Great Britain Adolf Hitler-Germany Benito Mussolini-Italy Edouard Daladier-France

22. Munich Conference--Chamberlain : “Peace for our time” Hitler was given the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia Hitler promised that he was done taking over territories Hitler wanted to re-unite all German speaking people Became know as the “Policy of Appeasement”

23. Winston Churchill-Opposed Appeasement

24. Hitler Takes Over all of Czechoslovakia-1939

25. Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact German Ambassador von Ribbentrop and Soviet dictator Stalin laugh as Molotov signs the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact on August 23, 1939

26. Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Russia gave raw materials to Germany in exchange for money and weapons Both agreed to stay neutral if the other entered the war Secretly agreed to invade and split Poland. Germany would get the western half and USSR the eastern half Russia would get Finland, Estonia and Latvia and Germany would get Lithuania

27. How did the world react to this pact? Shock Poland was scared Hitler thought it would force Great Britain and France to back out of their promise to help Poland if attacked

28. German invasion of Poland-Blitzkrieg!

29. Blitzkrieg-Lightning War-Video Airforce attacks enemy front-line and rear positions, main roads, airfields and communication centers. At the same time, infantry attacks on the entire frontline and engages enemy. Tank(panzer ) units breakthrough main lines of defense and advance deeper into enemy territory. While following, mechanized units pursue and engage defenders preventing them from establishing defensive positions. Infantry continues to engage enemy for the same reason. Infantry attacks enemy flanks in order to link up with other groups to complete the attack and eventually encircle the enemy and/or capture strategic position. Mechanized groups go deeper into the enemy territory outflanking the enemy positions and preventing withdrawing troops and defenders from establishing effective defensive positions. Main force links up with other units encircling and cutting off the enemy. Goal was to achieve victory as quickly as possible

30. Sitzkrieg -The Phony War

31. Tripartite Pact is signed--Axis Powers-1940

32. Axis Powers Main Powers : Germany, Italy Japan Other Powers : Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Thailand, Hungary

33. The “ Phony War” Ends: Spring, 1940

34. French and German Plans for the Battle of France 1940

35. France’s “Impenetrable” Maginot Line

36. Miracle of Dunkirk

37. Dunkirk Evacuated June 4, 1940

38. German Advances until the Armistice-Battle of France: June 4-22, 1940

39. France Surrenders June, 1940

40. A Divided France Henri Petain

41. The French Resistance The Free French General Charles DeGaulle The Maquis

42. Axis Invasion of the Balkans(Yugoslavia)-1941

43. Now Britain Is All Alone!

44. Winston Churchill

45. "What General Weygand called the Battle of France is over. I expect that the Battle of Britain is about to begin. Upon this battle depends the survival of Christian civilization. Upon it depends our own British life and the long continuity of our institutions and our Empire. The whole fury and might of the enemy must very soon be turned on us now. Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age, made more sinister, and perhaps more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, "This was their finest hour." Winston Churchill

46. Nazi Goals Destroy the Royal Air Force(before invasion was possible-hopefully by 9-15) Attack and destroy the British Navy Attack British troops Once air control was gained, the invasion of Great Britain would begin **Germany never succeeded in achieving #1 **German bombers did so poorly against the RAF that they started bombing at night only **Great Britain was aided heavily by the radar and Ultra

47. Battle of Britain

48. Royal Air Force

49. Luftwaffe Messerschmitt Bf 109 Herman Goering

50. Air Raid Shelters During the Blitz

51. German Invasion of USSR-June, 1941 Final Plan for Operation Barbarossa

52. Scorched Earth Policy Stalin demanded this of the Soviet troops as they retreated What is this?

53. Battle for Moscow The Soviet Winter Counteroffensive December 6, 1941 - April 30, 1942 The Russian winter sets in and make is a huge turning point in the war

54. Battle of Stalingrad: Winter of 1942-1943 German Army Russian Army 1,011,500 men 1,000,500 men 10,290 artillery guns 13,541 artillery guns 675 tanks 894 tanks 1,216 planes 1,115 planes Around two million total casualties

55. Siege of Leningrad On August 30 th 1941, the Germans took over Leningrad's railroads, cutting them off from the rest of Russia and the world . Unlike the Battle of Stalingrad, the Germans surrounded the city to starve the city into submission Between November 1941 and October 1942, 641,000 people died of starvation People resorted to eating rats, wallpaper paste and some resorted to cannibalism Finally, a successful Russian counter-offensive at Stalingrad, drained necessary resources the Germans needed to continue the blockade, and eventually, it failed The Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced-over one million died

56. The North Africa Campaign: The Battle of El Alamein, 1942 Gen. Ernst Rommel, The “Desert Fox” Gen. Bernard Law Montgomery (“Monty”)

57. The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] : Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov. 1942-May 1943 George S. Patton leads American troops Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.

58. The Battle for Sicily: June, 1943 General George S. Patton

59. The Battle of Monte Casino: February, 1944

60. The Allies Liberate Rome: June 5, 1944

61. The Atlantic Wall

62. Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]

63. D-Day (June 6, 1944)

64. Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944 ) Higgins Landing Crafts German Prisoners

65. July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot Major Claus von Stauffenberg

66. July 20, 1944 Assassination Plot 1. Adolf Hitler 2. Field Marshall Wilhelm Keitel 3. Gen Alfred von Jodl 4. Gen Walter Warlimont 5. Franz von Sonnleithner 6. Maj Herbert Buchs 7. Stenographer Heinz Buchholz 8. Lt Gen Hermann Fegelein 9. Col Nikolaus von Below 10. Rear Adm Hans-Erich Voss 11. Otto Gunsche, Hitler's adjutant 12. Gen Walter Scherff (injured) 13. Gen Ernst John von Freyend 14. Capt Heinz Assman (injured)        E -mail this to a friend  

67. T he Liberation of Paris: August 25, 1944 De Gaulle in Triumph!

68. The Battle of the Bulge: Hitler’s Last Offensive Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945

69. US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River(in Germany): April 25, 1945

70. Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 The F ü hrer’s Bunker Cyanide & Pistols Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

71. V-E Day (May 8, 1945) General Keitel

72. Nazi Propaganda "All propaganda must be so popular and on such an intellectual level, that even the most stupid of those toward whom it is directed will understand it...  Through clever  and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way around, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise." -- Adolf Hitler

73. The Holocaust The genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II A program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory Approximately two-thirds of the population of nine million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died Some say that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' killing of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory By this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million and 17 million people

74. Who was inferior according to Hitler ? Jews(6 million dead) Gypsies( 500,000 to 1.5 million) mentally/physically handicapped people(75,000 to 250,000) Soviet Slavs/POW’s/Troops -( 16.5 million) The Russian Academy of Science in 1995 reported civilian victims in the USSR, including Jews, at German hands totaled 13.7 million dead including 7.4 million victims of Nazi genocide, 2.2 million deaths of persons deported to Germany for forced labor; and 4.1 million famine and disease deaths in occupied territory. German captors killed an estimated 2.8 million Soviet POWs through starvation, exposure, and execution Poles(2.5 million dead) Homosexuals(5-15 thousand dead) communists/socialists(many but number not confirmed) dark skinned people(death and forced sterilization) mixed races-"The mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore," Adolf Hitler Jehovah’s Witnesses(2,500-5,000)

75. What is the Aryan Race? Nazis used term to refer to a so-called master race that originated around Germany P erfect Aryan was blonde, blue-eyed, tall and muscular The original term refers to a people speaking a Indo-European dialect

76. Lebensborn -Fount of Life The program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed “fit” Houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories Many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape. Contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans

77. Hitler’s Jewish Question-1933 Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933-Never restored. The Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists. Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. All but few Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges .

78. Nuremburg Laws 1935 Took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights. E stablished membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had three or four Jewish grandparents. People with one or two Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race. - eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany 3. Jews could only marry Jews 4. No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews

79. 1936 Nazis boycott Jewish-owned businesses

80. Kristallnacht-1938 “Night of the Broken Glass” On the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, the Nazis roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting. In all, 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack.

81. Kristallnacht

82. Kristallnacht

83. 1938-Cont. All Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria. Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses.

84. 1939 Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars

85. 1940 Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland Jews are forced into ghettos Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland

86. Auschwitz

87. Nazi Death Camps

88. 1941 Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos In two days, German units shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar - the largest single massacre of the Holocaust The death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews

89. 1942 Nazi officials announce "Final Solution"- their plan to kill all European Jews Five death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek , Sobibor , Treblinka, Belzec , and Auschwitz- Birkenau Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps. The United States, Great Britian , and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe.

90. 1943 Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising.

91. 1944 Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz where they are murdered

92. 1945 Hitler is defeated and World War II ends in Europe. The Holocaust is over and the death camps are found emptied. Many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them.

93. 1947 The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British- controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948.