Getting Started with NetworkGetting Started with Network.pptx

1 Getting Started with Network By: Eng. Mohamed Salem Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved WHAT IS NETWORK ? ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Networking, also known as computer networking, is the practice of transporting and exchanging data between nodes over a shared medium in an information system. Networking comprises not only the design, construction and use of a network, but also the management, maintenance and operation of the network infrastructure, software and policies.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved BASIC TYPES OF NETWORKS ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Loc al Area Network (LAN) Personal Area Network (PAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Networ k (WAN) Campus Area Networ k (CAN)

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa  A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer devices, usually within an office building or home.  LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users • • Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no more than a mile  Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps  Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each device  Has lower cost compared to MAN’s or WAN’s  LAN’s can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fibre optic cable can be used in wired LAN’s.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa  A PAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer devices, usually home.  PAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be needed by multiple users • • Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters  Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps  Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each device  Has lower cost compared to MAN’s or WAN’s  LAN’s can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fibre optic cable can be used in wired LAN’s.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa A campus area network (CAN) is a network of multiple interconnected local area networks (LAN) in a limited geographical area. A CAN is smaller than a wide area network (WAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN). A CAN is also known as a corporate area network (CAN). CAN benefits are as follows: Cost-effective Wireless, versus cable Multidepartmental network access

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa  A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.  A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire cities.  A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many individuals and organizations.  A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources.  A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter.  Examples of MAN: Telephone company network that provides a high speed DSL to customers and cable TV network.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa  WAN covers a large geographic area such as country, continent or even whole of the world.  A WAN is two or more LANs connected together. The LANs can be many miles apart.  To cover great distances, WANs may transmit data over leased high-speed phone lines or wireless links such as satellites.  Multiple LANs can be connected together using devices such as bridges, routers, or gateways, which enable them to share data.  The world's most popular WAN is the Internet.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved TOPOLOGY ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network. Here, some logical layout of topology. Mesh Star Ring Line Bus Tree Hybrid

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved HYBRID TOPOLOGY ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa A network which contain all type of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel .

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved InterNetwork Devices Introduction ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa To connect LANs, connecting devices are needed and various connecting devices are such as bridge, switch, router, hub, r epeater. Types of Networking Devices :- NIC Card Repeater Hub Bridge Switch Gateway Router Modem

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved NIC OR NETWORK CARD ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa It stands for Network Interface Controller. NIC used to connect the ethernet cable (RJ-45 Connector) with the PC. It is a Card which have Mac Address written on it. Components of NIC :- Metal Expansion Card Boot ROM Chip 32 bit PCI Controller Activity LED RJ-45 LAN Port

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved REPEATERS ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Repeater used to regenerate or replicate a signal. It removes the unwanted noise in an incoming signal, it works on Layer 1 of OSI Model It is used in some scaled area and it refine the signals and manage the proper speed of the network

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved HUB ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa It is a Networking Device which simply receive data from one port and transfer on all the other ports. HUBs are commonly used to connect segments of LAN. Hub Works on Physical layer of OSI Model It used in where you have to create multiple ethernet with the help of a networking device. It comes with different port segment like 6,12 & 24

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Bridge ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Bridge Devices inspect incoming network traffic and determine whether to forward or discard it according to its intended destination it operates on data link layer A bridge is a type of computer network device that provides interconnection with other bridge networks that use the same protocol.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Switch ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa A Switch can recieve input or signal from any of one port and transmit it on all the ports. Ethernet LAN is used to connect to a switch that correct system. It works on Data link layer of OSI Model It is a small device that transfers data packets between multiple network devices such as computers, routers, servers or other switches

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Gateway ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Gateway Connects two networks together with the help of gateway devices like firewire & router. It is a node between the public network and private network which makes some security with the help of identification A gateway is a networking device that connects two networks using different protocols together. it also acts as a “gate” between two networks.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Router ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Router is a networking device which is used to provide interaction between two different networks. Router are also used for provide the routes to the data and devices that are connected in network. Router are used to establish internetwork communication A router inspects a given data packet's destination Internet Protocol address (IP address), and provide connection to the nodes with the main network. It gives you wired and wireless both connectivities.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved MODEM ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa ”Modulator-Demodulator” A modem or broadband modem is a hardware device that connects a computer or router to a broadband network. It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a computer can recognize. The main difference between the two devices is that a modem lets you connect to the internet, while a router distributes that connection to different devices. A modem is your gateway to the web, while a router is a central hub for your devices.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved L2 & L3 Switches Explanation ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa A Switch can receive input or signal from any of one port and transmit it on all the ports. Ethernet LAN is used to connect to a switch that correct system. It works on Data link layer of OSI Model It is a small device that transfers data packets between multiple network devices such as computers, routers, servers or other switches

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved L2 & L3 Switches Explanation ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Layer 2 Switching Send “frames” to destination on the basis of MAC address. Work with MAC address only Used to reduce traffic on local network. . Layer 3 Switching Packets are forwarded at Layer 3, just as a router would do. It also performs dynamic routing in the same way in which a router performs Mostly Used to implement VLAN (Virtual Local area network)

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved How Router Delivery modes Working? ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Unicast, broadcast, Multicast and anycast

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Top 5 Types of Router ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa 1. Wireless :- It is present in office, home or railway station, etc. It creates a wireless signal. Suppose you are in office, we can connect to the internet using wireless signals because your laptop is within the range. We can provide security to routers by entering user id and password. When we try to connect to the router, it will ask for a password and UserId. 2. Wired Router :- Name itself defines its meaning. Wire is available to connect to the network . If we visit a bank or small college or office, we can observe that PC or Laptop is connected to the internet using Ethernet cable and that is the wired router. It has a separate Wi-Fi access point.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Top 5 Types of Router ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa 3. Edge Router :- It seats at the edge of the backbone of the network and can connect to the core routers. It can be wired or wireless and will distribute internet data packets between one or more networks. 4. Core Router :- It can forward IP packets at full speed on all of them. It will distribute internet data packets within the network. But core will not distribute internet data packets between networks.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Top 5 Types of Router ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa 5. Virtual Router :- v irtual routers are pieces of software that allow computers and servers to operate like routers. They’ll share data packets just as physical routers do. They can offer more flexibility than physical devices since they can be scaled as the business grows

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved What Is a WAN? Wide-Area Network ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa In its simplest form, a wide-area network (WAN) is a collection of local-area networks (LANs) or other networks that communicate with one another. A WAN is essentially a network of networks, with the Internet the world's largest WAN. Packet switching TCP/IP protocol suite Router ATM Frame Relay Multiprotocol Label Switching

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved What is SOHO network ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa SOHO networks are small LANs (Local Area Networks) . Typically, SOHO networks consists of less than 10 computers. Network service servers like DNS server, email server, web server etc., are typically configured outside SOHO network. A SOHO network can be a small wired Ethernet LAN or made of both wired and wireless computers.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved What is SOHO Routers ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa A SOHO router is a broadband router built and marketed for small offices and home offices. Since the workload for these types of businesses is primarily on the internet, they require a local area network (LAN), which means their network hardware is structured specifically for that purpose. A SOHO network can be a mixed network of wired and wireless computers. Since these types of networks are meant for businesses, they may also include printers and sometimes voice over IP (VoIP) and fax o ver IP technology.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved WHAT IS TRANSMISSION MEDIA ? ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa In data communication, Transmission media is a pathway that carries the information from sender to receiver. We use different types of cables or waves to transmit data. Data is transmitted normally through electrical or electromagnetic signals.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved What is Transmission Media Types? ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Twisted-Pair Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa One of the earliest guided transmission media is twisted pair cables. A twisted pair cable comprises of two separate insulated copper wires, which are twisted together and run in parallel. The copper wires are typically 1mm in diameter. Types Unshielded Twisted Pair ( UTP ) Shielded Twisted Pair ( STP ) Applications In telephone lines In DSL lines In LANs

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Twisted-Pair Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Pair of unshielded wires wound around each other Pair of wires wound around each other placed inside a protective foil wrap

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved What are RJ connectors? ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa RJ Connectors are a family of push-and-click connectors for twisted-pair wiring in telephone and network wiring. RJ stands for Registered Jack. RJ types define both a jack or receptacle (female) and a plug (male) type of connector. The most common types of RJ connectors are as follows: RJ-11 connector: A 4-wire or 6-wire telephone-type connector RJ-45 connector: An 8-wire telephone-type connector RJ-48 connector: An 8-wire telephone-type connector TP

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Co-axial Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Coaxial cable is commonly used by cable operators, telephone companies, and internet providers around the world to convey data, video, and voice communications to customers. It has also been used extensively within homes. Applications In analog telephone networks: carry about 10,000 voice signals. In digital telephone networks: data rate of 600 Mbps. In cable TV networks In traditional Ethernet LANs In MANs Types RG – 59 RG – 58 RG – 11

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Co-axial Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Has impedance of 75W and used in cable TV Has impedance of 50W and used in thin Ethernet Has impedance of 50W and used in thick Ethernet

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Optic Fiber Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa A fiber optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmit signals in the form of light. These are not affected by electrical noise. Though fiber optic cables last longer, the installation cost is high. Since these cables are di-electric, no spark hazards are present. Applications Used in telephone systems Used in sub-marine cable networks Used to link computer networks Used in CCTV surveillance cameras Used for connecting fire, police, and other emergency services. Types Single-mode fiber − These are excited with laser. Multi-mode fiber − These are excited with LED.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Optic Fiber Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Has higher bandwidth costly and designed for short distance Has lower bandwidth fair cost and designed for long distance

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Optic Fiber Cable ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Subscriber Channel Straight Tip Ferrule Connector

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Cable issues (Collisions) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Collision?

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Cable issues (Collisions) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Simplex Mode

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Cable issues (Collisions) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Half-Duplex Mode

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Cable issues (Collisions) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Full-Duplex Mode

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Cable issues (Speed ) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Causes of Less Speed Long Distance Transmission Poor Quality Conductor Poor Contact with Source or Destination Problem with Connector Wire maybe not settled properly. Measuring unit Normally we measure speed of wire with MBPS & GBPS according to their distance between source & destination. Best example is from Optic Fiber 10BaseT or 100BaseT.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Cable issues (Issues) ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa 1. Your cabling does not meet standards Cable standard must be arranged systematic Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA). 2. The cables and connectors are not compatible Using different components from different manufacturers may cause compatibility issues that are sure to affect your network’s performance. 3. The crimp cords are of poor quality While Crimping the crimp tool does not get fit and stretch wire into the Connector as a result the connector does not set on the wire properly. 4. The cables are not properly installed Improper installation, whether it’s due to fast installation or irresponsible or less experienced person installation.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Title ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa What is TCP? Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented protocol that computers use to communicate over the internet. It is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks. TCP provides error-checking and guarantees delivery of data and that packets will be delivered in the order they were sent. What is UDP? User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless protocol that works just like TCP but assumes that error-checking and recovery services are not required. Instead, UDP continuously sends datagrams to the recipient whether they receive them or not.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Title ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Reliability TCP is reliable. Data sent using a TCP protocol is guaranteed to be delivered to the receiver. If data is lost in transit it will recover the data and resend it. UDP is unreliable, it does not provide guaranteed delivery and a datagram packet may become corrupt or lost in transit. VS Speed TCP is slower than UDP because it has a lot more to do. TCP has to establish a connection, error-check, and guarantee that files are received in the order they were sent.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Title ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa Ordering TCP does ordering and sequencing to guarantee that packets sent from a server will be delivered to the client in the same order they were sent. On the other hand, UDP sends packets in any order. Flow control TCP uses a flow control mechanism that ensures a sender is not overwhelming a receiver by sending too many packets at once. UDP does not provide flow control. With UDP, packets arrive in a continuous stream or they are dropped.

Powered by Boost Training & Consulting © All Rights Reserved Usage ‹#› Powered By Eng. Mohamed Salem To Smart Knowledge Training [email protected] | https://smartknowledge.sa TCP is best suited to be used for where timing is less of a concern. World Wide Web (HTTP, HTTPS) Secure Shell (SSH) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Email (SMTP, IMAP/POP) UDP is best for applications that require speed and efficiency. VPN tunneling Streaming videos Online games Live broadcasts Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Thank You Eng. Mohamed Salem E-mail: [email protected] Mob: 00201007216662

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