Gibbs_Frvvvcccccccee_Energy_Final (1).pptx

Vvvcccccgydugdddrtf

1. Gibbs Free Energy: The Criterion for Chemical Change A comprehensive look into chemical spontaneity and maximum useful work. Presenter: Your Name Course: Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 1

2. Review of Thermodynamics: The First Law ΔU = q + w Tracks energy, not spontaneity. Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 2

3. Review of Thermodynamics: The Second Law ΔS_universe = ΔS_system + ΔS_surroundings > 0 Spontaneous if >0. Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 3

4. The Inconvenience of ΔS_universe ΔS_surroundings = -ΔH_system / T Need system-only criterion. Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 4

5. Historical Context: Josiah Willard Gibbs Developed chemical potential & free energy. Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 5

6. Defining Gibbs Free Energy (G) G = H - TS Available energy for work. Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 6

7. Derivation of the ΔG Criterion ΔG = ΔH - TΔS Spontaneous if ΔG < 0. Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 7

8. Interpretation of ΔG Sign ΔG < 0: Spontaneous ΔG > 0: Non-spontaneous ΔG = 0: Equilibrium Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 8

9. Case 1: ΔH<0, ΔS<0 Spontaneous at low T Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 9

10. Case 2: ΔH>0, ΔS>0 Spontaneous at high T Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 10

11. Case 3: ΔH<0, ΔS>0 Spontaneous at all T Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 11

12. Case 4: ΔH>0, ΔS<0 Never spontaneous Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 12

13. Graphical ΔG vs T Plots for all four cases below Presenter: Your Name | Advanced Physical Chemistry / Chemical Thermodynamics 13