Global patterns of hunger and malnutrition and Sustainable Agriculture

Global patterns of hunger and malnutrition and Sustainable Agriculture

1. Food Security World Food Summit (1996)- " when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life". Dimensions of Food Security: Food availability Access to food Stability

2. Developments in food security FAO - global hunger reduction continues: 1010.6 million (1990-92) 795 million (2014-16). 63 countries have reached the hunger target of Millennium Development Goal -1 25 countries have achieved the more stringent World Food Summit target. food security and nutrition as top priorities Hunger reduction requires: raise agricultural productivity; access to inputs, land, services, technologies and markets; promote rural development; social protection for the most vulnerable specific nutrition programmes to address micronutrient deficiencies in mothers and children under five.

3. Food security in India Institutional Efforts to achieve food security in India: Food security bill. Public distribution system (PDS) - Rationing shops. Encouragement to the farmers to cultivate food crops. Mid day meal scheme for school children. Appropriate changes in import/export policies of food material. Improve productivity of agricultural land. Employment Guarantee Scheme for poor people. Poverty alleviation programme . Green revolution (1966-67) and white revolution (milk production.

4. Sustainable agricultural development practices 1. Soil conservation: Strip cropping along sloping areas to avoid soil erosion. Contour ploughing to protect soil layer on sloping areas. Summer fallow: keeping land without any cultivation for few months Crop rotation: to maintain balance among the soil nutrients Tree plantation along the banks of rivers and borders of farm land Increase use of organic fertilizers to maintain crop productivity. 2. Water conservation: Watershed management for irrigation water. Avoid over irrigation Use of drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation methods Efforts to reduce evapo -transpiration 3. Perennial crops: Perennial crops are those crops which can live for the whole year and can be harvested several times. 4. Appropriate Agricultural policy: financial assistance for agriculture, irrigation water availability, fertilizer policy, import/export policy for food crops

5. Green Consumerism There needs to be demand for eco-friendly products to make industry sustainable. Green consumption is the practice of using environmentally friendly products Green consumerism comes from the desire to protect resources for future generations and to increase quality of life. It is the regular practice of consumption of only environmentally friendly products

6. Green Consumerism Practices Standards and Mandatory Labels: Voluntary Labelling: Taxes and Charges: Subsidies and Incentives: Education Communications Campaigns Advertising Understanding Consumer Behaviour Combining Policy Instruments 

7. Corporate Social Responsibility The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is obligation of business towards society. The concept is not just confined to the philanthropic activities of the corporations CSR can simple be defined as “the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society”. Following are the broad features of the concept of the CSR: strategy for addressing social and environmental impacts of businesses. It addresses the well-being of all stakeholders Philanthropic activities

8. CSR in India In India, the concept of CSR is governed by clause 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 The CSR is applicable to companies with an annual turnover of Rs. 1,000 crores and more, or a net worth of Rs. 500 crores and more, or a net profit of Rs. 5 crores and more. The Act encourages companies to spend at least 2% of their average net profit in the previous three years on CSR activities. Key areas, for CSR projects – Education, Hunger and poverty, Gender equality and woman empowerment, Child mortality and maternal health, HIV-AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases, Social business projects, Environment, Employment-based skills, and Contribution to relief funds.

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