Glycolysis (cellular respiration pathway)

Glycolysis is a fundamental metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing energy in the form of ATP and NADH. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and can be divided into two main phases: the investment phase and the payoff phase. Glycolysis is anaerobic, meaning it does not require oxygen, and serves as the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways.

1. Glycolysis BALLA SAI MRUDULA MSC. BIOTECHNOLOGY (2023-2025) JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

2. What is glycolysis? Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. It takes place in the cytoplasm of cells. The process involves the breakdown of one molecule of glucose (a six-carbon sugar) into two molecules of pyruvate (a three-carbon compound). Glycolysis is anaerobic, meaning it does not require oxygen to occur.

3. Steps of Glycolysis Glycolysis consists of 10 enzymatic reactions divided into two phases: Energy Investment Phase (Steps 1-5) Energy Payoff Phase (Steps 6-10) Each step involves a specific enzyme and specific regulatory mechanisms

4. Energy Investment Phase Investment of ATP to prepare glucose for splitting

5. Energy Payoff Phase Generation of ATP and NADH

6. Fate of Pyruvate Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is further oxidized in the citric acid cycle. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate can undergo fermentation.

7. Energy Yield of Glycolysis Net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Generation of 2 NADH molecules, which can be further used in the electron transport chain to generate more ATP.