GLYCOLYSIS road importance GLYCOLYSIS road importance

GLYCOLYSIS ROAD

1. GLYCOLYSIS Fatma saad Abdelrahman ID: 1200177

2. GLYCOLYSIS The sequence of reactions for the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate or lactate, depending on the conditions Also called as Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (EMP pathway) occurs in the cytoplasm of virtually all the cells of the body

3. TWO TYPES OF GLYCOLYSIS AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS occurs when oxygen is plentiful. Final product is pyruvate along with the production of eight ATP molecules. ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS occurs when oxygen is scarce. Final product is lactate along with the production of two ATP molecules.

4. Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Intestinal Lining Dietary Carbohydrates Polysaccharides, dextrins , sucrose, lactose, maltose Salivary a- amylase Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose Pancreatic a-amylase Monosaccharides in blood stream Active transport Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase starts the breakdown. After breaking down throughout the digestive system, monosaccharides are absorbed into the bloodstream. As carbohydrates are consumed, the blood sugar levels increase, stimulating the pancreas to secrete insulin.

5. Glycolysis is a series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvates. Most cells prefer glucose (although there are exceptions, such as acetic acid bacteria that prefer ethanol). In glycolysis, 2 ATP molecules are consumed, producing 4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvates per glucose molecule.

6. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms. With the chemical formula H(O)CCH(OH)CH2OPO32-, this anion is a monophosphate ester of glyceraldehyde.

7. Pyruvate + CoASH Pyruvate dehydrogenase Coenzymes Acetyl CoA The citric acid cycle Pyruvate, formed during glycolysis, enters the mitochondrial matrix, undergoes oxidative decarboxylation with Coenzyme A, forms acetyl-CoA, and releases CO2.

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