GNSS_Presentation and global navigation and positioning system.pptx

it covers overview of entire GNSS

1. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) माधव प्रौद्योगिकी एवं विज्ञान संस्थान, ग्वालियर ( म.प्र .), भारत Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior (M.P.), INDIA Deemed University (Declared under Distinct Category by Ministry of Education, Government of India) NAAC ACCREDITED WITH A++ GRADE Presented by Guided by Abhay Tiwar (0901CE231001) Name of the guide Submitted for the partial fulfillment of B.Tech in Civil Engineering August - 2025 Civil Engineering 1

2. Abstract The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a constellation-based positioning technology that enables users to determine their location, velocity, and precise timing anywhere on Earth. It encompasses several satellite systems, including GPS (United States), GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (European Union), and BeiDou (China), which collectively enhance global coverage and accuracy. GNSS has become an essential tool across diverse fields such as transportation, surveying, agriculture, disaster management, military operations, and scientific research. With advancements in multi-constellation integration, real-time corrections, and augmentation systems, GNSS provides improved precision, reliability, and robustness, even in challenging environments. The continued evolution of GNSS technologies plays a critical role in supporting modern infrastructure, intelligent transportation, autonomous systems, and geospatial applications, making it a cornerstone of today’s digital and connected world.

3. Introduction to GNSS GNSS is a system of satellites that provide positioning,and timing services. Enables users with GNSS receivers to determine location anywhere on Globe . Used in military, civil, and commercial applications. Improvements are made for years to achieve this system Initially it was only developed for military purposes to know the location of the target and destroy them . We can get the information around the clock

4. Evolution of Navigation System Dead Reckning (based on the past experience ,No Landmark is involved) Celestial System(it works only at night ) OMEGA " ELORA”:It is the first Satellite based navigation system. Now the satellites are as much efficient that they even notice the small changes which helps in detection of humidity or may whether conditions as well. Now we have to move on to next topic How we determine the position on earth

5. How GNSS Works GNSS satellites continuously broadcast signals. Ground receivers use these signals to calculate location using trilateration. Requires signals from at least 4 satellites for 3D positioning (latitude, longitude, altitude). Let’s take the example of car travelling through straight road and tower is fitted at one end of it

6. How GNSS Works

7. Basic principles of satellite navigation

8. Basic principles of satellite navigation

9. Components of GNSS Space Segment – Satellites in orbit. Control Segment – Ground stations that monitor and manage the satellites. User Segment – Receivers used by individuals, companies, or governments.

10. Corrections are also one of the major aspect to cover There are multiple corrections applied like signals travels from one different layers of atmosphere and satellites and eartg both are moving with different speeds so we have to apply these correction , time corrections

11. There are two types of satellite Global Regional

12. Global They are available for everyone GPS(USA) GLONASS (USSR) BeiDou(China)

13. Regional They are available for specific region IRNSS QZNSS A geosynchronous orbit (GSO) is  a type of orbit where a satellite's orbital period matches the Earth's rotation period, which is approximately 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 seconds .

14. Applications of GNSS Navigation: Road, air, sea Surveying and Mapping Agriculture (Precision Farming) Disaster Management Military and Defense Telecommunications & Banking (Time sync)

15. Accuracy and Errors Factors affecting GNSS accuracy: - Satellite clock errors - Atmospheric delays (ionosphere, troposphere) - Multipath effects - Signal blockage (e.g., urban canyons) Accuracy enhanced using: - DGPS (Differential GPS) - SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems)

16. Accuracy and Errors

17. Future of GNSS Integration with 5G and IoT Real-time kinematic positioning (RTK) Use in autonomous vehicles and drones Enhanced cybersecurity

18. Conclusion GNSS is a critical technology for modern infrastructure. Provides accurate and reliable positioning globally. Continues to evolve with innovation and international cooperation.

19. References International GNSS Service (IGS) GPS.gov ESA - Galileo Navigation ISRO - NavIC