Good Warehouse Practices by WHO and standard Guidlines

Title: Good Warehousing Practices
Author: Yash (M.Pharm, Quality Assurance, DIPSAR)

Description:

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Good Warehousing Practices (GWP) in the pharmaceutical industry. It highlights the importance of proper storage, handling, and distribution of pharmaceutical products to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy throughout the supply chain.

Key sections include:

Purpose and Objectives of GWP
Ensuring compliance, maintaining product integrity, optimizing operations, and enhancing customer satisfaction.

Types of Warehouses
Including private, distribution, fulfillment, climate-controlled, and bonded warehouses.

Warehouse Areas and Layouts
Areas like receiving, quarantine, storage, sampling, returns, cross-docking, and dispensing are defined with their roles.

Core Elements of GWP
Covering personnel training, premises requirements, documentation, safety measures, stock verification, and sanitation.

WHO & ICH Guidelines
Integration of global standards for good distribution and warehousing practices ensuring traceability, risk management, and quality assurance.

Rules & Characteristics of a Good Warehouse
Emphasizing hygiene, environmental control, systematic storage, and clear documentation.

Warehouse Staff Roles
Responsibilities of pharmacists, keepers, workers, cleaners, and security personnel.

Storage and Handling
Guidelines for raw materials, packaging components, finished products, and returned goods.

Conclusion
Underlines the necessity of continuous improvement, maintenance, regulatory compliance, and documentation.

1. Good Warehousing
Practices
YASH
Mpharm Quality Assurance
11/MQA/DIPSAR/2024

2. Introduction
Purpose
Various Areas of warehousing
Elements of good warehousing practices
General guidelines
Rules for warehousing
Characters of good warehouse
Warehouse staff
Storage of material/products
Stock management
Quality assurance (sops)
WHO good distributionpractices for pharmaceutical products
Material Management
CONTENTS

3. Warehouse is a suitable place where raw materials or finished
products may be stored before their distribution.
Proper storage is vital to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of the
pharmaceutical products.
Good warehousing practices (GWP) means storing supplies so
that products are always available, accessible, and in good
condition.
It is an operation that preserves the integrity of drugs.
A suitable space is provided to raw material, handling of raw &
packaging materials required for manufacturing, including
packaging of pharmaceuticals. This space is known as
Warehouse.
It is a part of pharmaceutical company.
Introduction

4. 1. Ensure Regulatory Compliance: Implement GWP to adhere to regulatory requirements
and industry standards, minimizing the risk of non-compliance and associated penalties.
2. Maintain Product Integrity: Protect products from damage, contamination, and
degradation by implementing proper storage, handling, and distribution practices.
3. Optimize Warehouse Operations: Streamline processes, reduce costs, and improve
efficiency by implementing GWP principles, such as inventory management and employee
training.
4. Enhance Customer Satisfaction: Ensure accurate and timely delivery of products by
maintaining a well-organized and efficient warehouse, leading to increased customer
satisfaction and loyalty.
To enable the fastest and cheapest transport of drugs and medical equipment from
suppliers to beneficiaries.
There are mainly 3 stages:
Purchase of pharmaceutical products.
Storage of ordered products.
Distribution of stocked products.
Purpose

5. 5.Reduce Environmental Impact: Implement sustainable practices and reduce
waste to minimize the environmental impact of warehousing operations.
6.Enhance Supply Chain Visibility: Implement GWP to improve supply chain
visibility, enabling real-time tracking and monitoring of inventory and shipments.
7.Support Business Growth and Expansion: Implement GWP to support business
growth and expansion by ensuring efficient and scalable warehousing operations.

6. 1. Private Warehouse
Description: Exclusive warehouse for storing own inventory
Ideal For :Large businesses with significant storage needs
Key Features: Control over operations, location flexibility, customization
2. Distribution Center (DC)
Description: Specialized warehouse for rapid sorting, packing, and distribution
Ideal For: Retailers or companies with high volumes of goods to distribute quickly
Key Features: High throughput, automated systems, efficient outbound logistics
3. Fulfillment Center
Description: Warehouse focused on fulfilling orders, particularly in e-commerce
Ideal For: E-commerce businesses selling directly to consumers
Key Features: Integration with online ordering systems, efficient pick-and-pa
operations, direct-to-customer shipping
Types of Warehouses

7. 4. Climate-Controlled Warehouse
Description: Temperature/humidity-
controlled storage for sensitive goods
Ideal For: Businesses with temperature-
sensitive items (food, pharmaceuticals,
chemicals)
Key Features: Refrigerated environment,
24/7 monitoring, strict temperature
regulations
5. Bonded Warehouse
Description: Customs-authorized storage for
imported goods
Ideal For: Importers/international trade
businesses
Key Features: Customs-controlled, deferred
duties/taxes, suitable for international trade

8. VARIOUS AREAS OF WAREHOUSING
Receiving Area : includes initial inspection, cleaning & weight checking
Quarantine Area : A quarantine area is an area that have not yet been inspected or
tested.
Sampling Area : An area where collection of small portion of a material with
adequate facilities to prevent cross contamination.
Storage Area : including specific storage like air condition rooms, cold rooms,
hazardous chemical room
Dispensing Area : with adequate facilities to preclude cross contamination during
dispensing
Rejected Materials : In case, if the goods are rejected, they are supposed to be
transferred to the rejected area. Destroying or retaining unsuitable. (Approved
Quarantined, Rejected)

9. VARIOUS AREAS OF WAREHOUSINGReturns Area
Handling returned goods from customers/suppliers
Inspecting, restocking, returning to inventory
Disposition: repair, disposal, refund
Streamlining returns process
Cross-Docking Area
Transferring goods from receiving to shipping
Minimal storage time, reduced handling costs
Sorting and redirecting incoming goods
Increased efficiency, faster turnaround
Bulk Storage Area
Storing large quantities of products
Infrequent picks, reduced labor costs
Raw materials, seasonal goods, pallets, crates
Optimizing storage capacity, reducing waste

10. ELEMENTS OF GOOD WAREHOSUING PRACTICES
1. Personnel:
All sites where pharmaceutical products are stored must have
sufficient number of appropriately qualified and trained
personnel.
Warehouse staff should include a responsible pharmacist,
warehouse keeper, warehouse worker, cleaner & security
guard.
Staff must be given necessary training on good storage
practices, the best practices to adopt and safety issues.
They must also be trained on matters of personal hygiene, good
sanitation practices, use of working garments.
Those employees working in special storage areas must be
trained on the regulations, and procedures to be followed.

11. 2. Premises:
Premises must be Located, Designed, Constructed,
Adapted, and maintained to suit the Operations to
be carried out.
Premises should be of suitable size and construction
to facilitate cleaning, maintenance and orderly
segregated storage
Storage areas must be designed to provide
adequate:
lightening,
ventilation,
temperature, (using temperature controlled
warehousing*)
sanitation,
humidity, (using climate controlled warehousing*)

12. ..continued
space,
equipment,
security conditions
Medicinal products should be stored separate from other goods to avoid the risk
of cross contamination
Incoming goods should be physically or electronically separated from goods
awaiting distribution until approved by the responsible person
A segregated area must be provided for the holding and storage of returned and
rejected goods prior to a decision on further action
Security : Precautions must be taken to prevent unauthorized persons from
entering the premises.
*Temperature controlled space requires sophisticated control and monitoring
equipment to ensure the temperature of the facility stays within very specific
parameters whereas Climate Control space regulates both the temperature and
humidity of the space. (Types of Warehouses)

13. ..continued
3.Good documentation: Documentation of all activities done. SOP records,
Bin card, checked, updated, followed, maintain invoices, delivery notes,
other docs.
4. Safety: OHSAS guidelines (officially BS OHSAS 18001; is a British
Standard for occupational health and safety management systems.) need to
be followed religiously, and all the employees should wear PPEs.
The fire and emergency exit plans must be well laid out
The entire warehouse must be subjected to pest control and rodent baits (the
baits and chemicals should be kept away from pharmaceutical preparations)
5. Stock Verification: Orderly, timely and frequent stock verification is the
key to correct stocks and the same affects the business positively.
The warehouse must on a routine basis share the data on the non moving,
dead stock and the near expiry products so that the management can take a
decision on the fate of the drugs. The data collected from the stock review
should also be shared with the supply chain and planning department so as
to facilitate effective planning process.

14. General guidelines
The layout and design of premises must aim to minimize the risk of errors and
permit effective cleaning and maintenance in order to avoid cross-
contamination, build-up of dust or dirt, and, in general, any adverse effect on
the quality of products..
Where dust is generated (e.g. during sampling, weighing, mixing and
processing operations, packaging of powder), measures should be taken to
avoid cross-contamination and facilitate cleaning.
Premises should be situated in an environment in which the minimum risk of
any contamination of materials or products.
Premises used for the manufacture of finished products should be suitably
designed and constructed to facilitate good sanitation.

15. Premises should be carefully maintained, and it should be ensured that repair
and maintenance operations do not causes any hazard to the quality of
products.
Premises should be cleaned and, where applicable, disinfected according to
detailed written procedures. Records should be maintained.
Electrical supply, lighting, temperature, humidity and ventilation should be
appropriate and such that they do not adversely affect, directly or indirectly,
either the pharmaceutical products during their manufacture and storage, or
the accurate functioning of equipment.
Premises should be designed and equipped so as to afford maximum protection
against the entry of insects, birds or other animals. There should be a standard
procedure to prevent from rodent and pest control.
Premises should be designed to ensure the logical flow of materials and
personnel.

16. Arrival of goods, Entrance for visitors, Entrance for workers, shipment of goods
Example of material and people flow

17. WHO GUIDELINES
It provides guidelines for Good Warehouse Practice (GWP)
primarily in the context of the storage and distribution of
pharmaceutical products and medical supplies. These
guidelines ensure that the integrity, quality, and safety of the
products are maintained throughout their storage and handling
process. The WHO's recommendations focus on various
aspects such as proper conditions, safety measures, and best
practices for storage to prevent contamination, damage, or loss
of products.
1 Storage Conditions
Temperature control for sensitive products
Humidity control to prevent moisture damage
Lighting to ensure safe handling and storage
Minimizing direct sunlight and excessive heat

18. 2 Security and Safety
Protecting products from tampering and unauthorized access
Implementing security measures to prevent theft and damage
Ensuring a safe working environment for employees
Reducing the risk of accidents and injuries
3 Access Control
Restricting access to authorized personnel only
Implementing secure entry and exit procedures
Using access control systems to monitor and track movement
Maintaining accurate records of access and authorization
4 Security Systems
Installing surveillance cameras and alarms to deter theft
Using secure locks and access control systems to prevent unauthorized access
Implementing fire safety measures to prevent damage and loss
Regularly testing and maintaining security systems

19. 5 Fire Safety
Implementing fire safety measures to prevent damage and loss
Installing fire extinguishers, sprinklers, and emergency exits
Conducting regular fire risk assessments and training employees
Ensuring compliance with fire safety regulations and standards
6 Inventory Management
Implementing stock rotation systems to reduce expired products
Conducting regular stock checks to ensure accuracy and compliance
Using inventory management systems to track and monitor stock
Maintaining accurate records of inventory transactions and movements
7 Handling and Documentation
Implementing good handling practices to prevent damage and contamination
Training employees on proper handling and storage techniques
Maintaining accurate records of handling and storage activities
Documenting all inventory transactions and movements for compliance and tracking

20. ICH GUIDELINES
ICH Q7 provides guidelines for the manufacturing of active
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), including storage
conditions, and packaging requirements to ensure the quality of
APIs throughout the supply chain. Proper storage is critical to
preventing contamination or degradation of APIs before they
are used in the production of finished pharmaceutical products.

.1 Storage Conditions
API storage must be in a controlled environment to prevent
exposure to extreme temperatures, humidity, light, or
contaminants.
.1.2 Inventory Management
The API warehouse must be organized in a way that ensures the
proper rotation of stock (FIFO or FEFO) and prevents mix-ups
or cross-contamination.

1.3 Labeling and Documentation
ducts, including batch numbers, expiration dates, and storage
instructions, is essential for traceabilPharmaceutical Quality
System

1.4 Relevance to GWP
ICH Q10 emphasizes the importance of apharmaceutical
quality system, which includes effective management of
warehouse practices. This system ensures that all activities
related to storage, distribution, and handling align with quality
standards
1.5 Quality Management
Warehouse operations must be integrated into a broader quality
management system, ensuring proper documentation, handling,
and reporting of any deviations.
Continuous Improvement: Warehouse operations should be
regularly reviewed and improved to ensure compliance with
evolving regulatory standards and best practices.
.1.6 Quality Risk Management
Relevance to GWP: ICH Q9 outlines a risk-based approach to
quality management, which is applicable to warehouse
operations to minimize the risk of product damage,
contamination, or improper storage conditions.
1.7 Risk Assessment
Warehouses should conduct risk assessments to identify
potential hazards related to temperature, humidity, handling
procedures, and other environmental factors.
Control Measures: Mitigation strategies should be
implemented, such as using temperature-controlled storage for
sensitive products and ensuring proper segregation of
incompatible materials.

21. 1.8 Documentation and Traceability
Proper records must be maintained to ensure that clinical trial
materials can be traced through the supply chain and that they
meet the necessary storage conditions.
Impurities in New Drug Substances and Products

1.9 Relevance to GWP
ICH Q3 provides guidance on controlling impurities in drug
substances and products, which can be affected by improper
storage or handling in the warehouse. For example, exposure
to
excessive light, moisture, or heat can lead to the formation of
impurities in drugs.

1.10 Environmental Controle
Warehouses should maintain appropriate environmental
conditions to prevent the formation of impurities in sensitive
pharmaceutical products.

2 Quality Assurance
The warehouse should operate as part of an integrated
pharmaceutical quality management system, ensuring that
products are stored, handled, and distributed in compliance
with
relevant regulations.
Regular audits and inspections of warehouse practices should
be conducted to ensure ongoing compliance.
3 Risk Management
Risk assessments should be performedto identify potential
hazards related to storage conditions, handling processes, and
contamination risks.
Appropriate control measures (e.g., temperature monitoring,
inventory control) should be in place to mitigate risks to product
quality.
4 Documentation and Traceability
Accurate records of product movement, storage conditions,
and handling procedures should be maintained at all times.
Documentation should include temperature and humidity logs,
batch numbers, expiration dates, and details of any product
recalls or deviations.
5 Proper Storage Conditions
The warehouse must maintain proper environmental
conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, light exposure) based
on the specific requirements of the stored products.
Storage systems should prevent contamination, cross-
contamination, or damage to products, ensuring that products
are stored in clean, well-organized spaces.
6 Training and Personnel
Warehouse personnel should receive appropriate training in
Good Warehouse Practices, including safe handling, storage
conditions, and quality control procedures.

22. Systematic storage of the delivered goods.
• Use air circulation & protection against rodents.
• Keeping a space at least 50cm between the rows of pellets walls
• Providing each products have only one specific place.
• On shelves clear labeling of products should be there.
• Adequate space should be provided for each goods.
• Provide separate stoke card for each products.
• All boxes in stock should be closed.
Rules for Warehouse

23. Characters of Good Warehouse
• Properly cleaned.
• Good preservation of drugs & equipments.
• Provide safety for staff & stocked goods.
• Control of air, light,humidity & temperature.
• Products to be purchased according to needs.
• Order the destruction of unsuitable products.
• Promote rational use of pharmaceutical products

24. MAINTANANCE OF GOOD WAREHOUSE
PRACTICES
1 Any building used in the manufacture, processing,
packing, or holding of a drug product shall be maintained in a
good state of repair.
2 Deterioration of buildings not only presents a poor image
of the facility, it can also impact on product quality.
3 Cracks and holes in walls, floors, or ceilings can provide
access for insects, rodents, birds, dirt, or micro organisms.
4 They can also hinder cleaning and sanitation, thereby
5 Floor cracks can also become a safety hazard for people
or even dislodge materials from trucks.

25. The warehouse staff:-
1. The responsible pharmacist
His duties
• Good management of the stock of the warehouse.
• Good preservation of drugs and equipments.
• Safety of stored goods.
2. The warehouse keeper
His duties
• Reception of supplies.
• Storage of stocks of goods.
• Recording of every IN and OUT movement of the products in the
stock card.
• Issue of products during manufacturing.

26. 3. The warehouse worker
His duties
• Handling operations includes the carrying and moving of goods
which are intended for storage, shipment and sale.
• The warehouse staff helps in receives and issue goods and
maintain inventory.
4. The cleaner
His duty
• Ensure cleanliness of premises and equipment.
5. The security guard
His duty
• He is responsible for ensuring supervision and security of the
warehouse.

27. STORAGE OF RAW & PACKAGING
MATERIALS :-
Storage condition- special storage area with controlled temperature, humidity &
stored off from the floor.
STORAGE OF PACKAGING MATERIAL :-
bottles, vials, ampoules, tins, tubes should be stored in a manner that they do not
contaminated by extraneous matter.
printed packaging material also stored properly.
• Printed materials such as labels, printed films / foils/laminates, cartons should kept
in storage cupboards.
preventing mix up of printed & non printed materials.
• Physical segregation of printed & labeled containers should be made.
• Special precautions is needed for the storage of -packaging labeling controlled
products.
• Appropriate storage condition to be provided (air conditioning, aluminum foil)

28. HANDLING & ISSUE - RAW MATERIALS :-
• Attention to be made for -prevent cross contamination,health of
personnel handling materials,containers should be closed
properly, materials that support microbial growth are handled
carefully. Eg.agar.
Materials issued only against authorized person.
• Personnel protective devices like gloves, facemasks etc. should
be used to avoid health hazards. Adequate dust extraction system
should be provided to suck away fine dust as to prevent cross-
contamination.

29. HANDLING & ISSUE: PACKAGING
MATERIALS :
• Packaging materials issued to production only against packaging
materials order.
• Care should made to check for only right packaging materials to
be issued.
• Unlike raw materials, exact quantity of packaging materials to be
issued.
• Unused packaging materials returned to the warehouse & will
accompanied by authorized documents.

30. WARE HOUSING OF FINISHED PRODUCTS :-
• For avoiding deterioration, spoillage or breakage
• Requirements:- Safe, orderly & dispatch of all products -cold storage
area have temperature monitoring & recording devices -racking &
shelving system should have good mechanical strength.
• Procedure:-stock received from factory with proper documentation
(name, batch number, date of dispatch)
• Finished products which are -under test" must be quarantined &
segregated from -passed stocks"
• Stock should be stored product wise to enable quick identification &
controlled stock movement
• Store rotation should be on -first in, first out basis.

31. WARE HOUSING OF RETURNED GOODS :-
• Stocks should be carry out only consultation with quality
controlled manager.
• Returned goods must be isolated on receipt,clearly identified &
records regarding reason for the return.
• Qc manager should examine whether these goods are reprocessed
or destroyed.
• Reprocessing of returned should be done according the instruction
of Qc manager.

32. SANITATION :
• Written sanitation programmes should be available. These should include
validated cleaning procedures for premises and equipment, a quality standard
for water, instructions for hygiene when manufacturing and handling goods,
and instructions relating to the health, hygienic practices, and clothing of
personnel and the disposal procedures for waste materials and unusable
residues.
• Eating, smoking, and unhygienic practices should not be permitted in
manufacturing areas.
• There shall be written procedures for use of suitable rodenticides, insecticides,
fungicides, fumigating agents and cleaning and sanitizing agents.
. Cleaning procedure to be followed, including equipment and materials.

33. Maintenance:
• Any building used in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of
a drug product shall be maintained in a good state of repair.
• Deterioration of buildings not only presents a poor image of the facility,
it can also impact on product quality.
• Cracks and holes in walls, floors, or ceilings can provide access for
insects, rodents, birds, dirt, or microorganisms.
• They can also hinder cleaning and sanitation, thereby increasing the
potential for cross contamination or microbial multiplication.
• Floor cracks can also become a safety hazard for people or even dislodge
materials from trucks.

34. • The ingress of water from roof leaks can cause significant damage to
materials and equipment, give rise to electrical failures and fires and
result in damage to the basic structure of the building.
• Additionally, holes in the roof or near the tops of buildings provide
ready access to birds, which may then be encouraged to nest within the
building.

35. STOCK MANAGEMENT:-
Objectives:-
• To ensure continuity of supplies.
• To avoid over stocking.
Stock management will set out to;
• monitor stock levels
monitor consumption
anticipate delivery time for order activation.
Issuing of material:-
Store should issue raw and packaging materials on the basis of FIFO(first come first
out) basis. Entry and exit of every consignment of materials should be entered on the
stock card.
• Issuing of materials should do on the basis of raw and packaging materials required
in manufacturing process. while issuing hazardous and explosive materials, the
operation should be supervised to prevent any mistake.

36. Quality Assurance (SOPs) :-
Each warehouses will have to establish operating procedures.
• They must be clearly defined for each stage activities.
• Direct purchase from raw materials manufactures.
• Purchase via Head quarters.
• Reception of local and imported orders.
• Unpacking, labeling and storage of products.
• Computerized stock managements.
• Preparations of an orders for delivery.
• Returns of drugs.
• Managements of Expired drugs.
• Safety and cleanliness of premises.

37. WHO good distribution practices for pharmaceutical
products :
Good distribution practice (GDP) describes the minimum
standards that a wholesale distributor must meet to ensure that
the quality and integrity of medicines is maintained throughout
the supply chain
Each participant in the distribution chain must agree by the
relevant requirements in order to retain the original quality of
pharmaceutical products.
Each activity in the distribution of pharmaceutical products shall
be carried out according to the principles of Good Distribution
Practices (GDP) as applicable.
The risks involved are likely to be of a nature comparable to
those that are present in the industrial environment, such as mix-
ups, adulteration, contamination, cross-contamination, and
spurious.

38. Good Distribution Practices
Equipment 1.
Shipment containers and labelling2.
Repackaging and Relabeling3.
Documentation and Transportation4.
Recalls 5.
Returned products6.
Complaints7.

39. 1. Equipment :
There should be a planned preventative maintenance
program in place.
Recording and control equipment should be calibrated and
checked at defined intervals by appropriate methods.
Computerized system used for stock control/distribution
should be validated.
2. Shipment containers and labelling
It should bear labels providing sufficient information on
handling and storage conditions and precautions to ensure
the products are properly handled; normally accepted
international and national abbreviations or codes must be
used.

40. Repackaging and relabelling
Repackaging and relabelling should be limited as it may
present a risk to safety and security of the supply chain.
Should only be performed by distributors appropriately
authorized and/or licensed to do so, and in accordance
with GMP principles Where these functions are
performed they should comply with the applicable
national, regional and international guidelines relating
to repackaging and relabeling of pharmaceutical
products.

41. Documentation and transportation
Records for dispatch should be prepared and
must include, at least the following information:
business name and address,
type of entity responsible for the transportation,
telephone number and names of contact
persons,
date of dispatch;
a description of the products including, e.g.,
name, dosage form and strength (if applicable);

42. ..continued
quantity of the products, e.g., number of containers and
quantity per container (if applicable); - applicable
transport and storage conditions;
a unique number to allow identification of the delivery
order, and - assigned batch number and expiry date (where
not possible at dispatch, this information should at least be
kept at receipt to facilitate traceability).
Adequate precautions are taken against spillage and
breakage, should be transported as such that the identity of
the product is not lost, the product does not contaminate.

43. Recalls
There should be a system, which includes a written procedure, to
effectively and promptly recall pharmaceutical products known or
suspected to be defective or counterfeit with a designated person(s)
responsible for recalls.
The system should comply with the guidance issued by the national
or regional regulatory authority. This procedure should be checked
regularly and updated as necessary. The original manufacturer and/or
marketing authorization holder should be informed in the event of a
recall.
Recalled pharmaceutical products should be segregated during transit
and clearly labelled as recalled products Where segregation in transit
is not possible, such goods must be securely packaged, clearly
labelled, and be accompanied by appropriate documentation.

44. Returned Goods
Returned goods, must be handled according to
approved procedures
Returned goods must be isolated on receipt, clearly
identified and records regarding reason for the
return.
Records of the returned goods should be
maintained.
Goods that pass a quality re evaluation, may be
returned to stock approved for sale.
Any pharmaceutical product returned by patients
to the pharmacy must be destroyed.

45. Complaints
There should be written procedures in place for
handling of the complaints.
A distinction should be made between complaints
about a product or its packaging and those relating to
distribution.
In case of a complaint about the quality of a product
or its packaging, the regional manufacturer and/or
marketing authorization holder should be informed
as soon as possible.
Wherever necessary, a follow up should action should
be taken after investigation.

48. Conclusion
1. Effective Warehousing: Essential for efficient supply chain
operations, ensuring safety, quality, and customer satisfaction.
2. Key Components: Proper inventory management, optimized storage,
safety standards, and technology-driven tracking and management.
3. Continual Improvement: Regular assessment and enhancement of
warehousing practices to stay competitive and reduce errors.
4. Implementation of GDP and GWP: Critical for agro-hub success,
with defined duties and responsibilities for warehousing and
distribution.
5. Regular Maintenance and Hygiene: Essential for tools,
transportation, and facilities to prevent interference with operations.
6.Documentation and Self-Inspection: Crucial for ensuring compliance,
accuracy, and quality throughout the warehousing and distribution
process.

49. References
Sidney H. Willing, Good manufacturing Practices For
Pharmaceutics, 1st edition,, page no: 173-76.
DR.MGR, Ananth Vannemsetty, Tinu Thomas, Consise text
book of QC & Q.A,, Page no: 222-231,
.World Health Organization, "Good Distribution Practices
(GDP) for pharmaceutical products,
WHO Technical Report Series, No. 957, Annex 5, 2010,
L, D., dan Okdinawati, L., "Warehousing management",
Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2006

50. Thank You!