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1. CELL DIVISION STEM XII-ZEUS

2. The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. It is essential for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms. TYPES: Mitosis and Meiosis What is Cell Division?

3. Mitosis is a cell's way of making copies of itself. It happens when a cell needs to grow, repair itself, or replace old or damaged cells. The cell prepares for mitosis by getting ready. It makes sure it has everything it needs to divide into two new cells. What is Mitosis?

4. Produces two genetically identical daughter cells for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. What is Mitosis?

5. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase Cytokinesis Stages of Mitosis

6. Before mitosis begins, the cell goes through a period called interphase. During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division. Although not technically part of mitosis, interphase is an essential precursor to the process. Interphase

7. Mitosis officially begins with prophase. During this phase, the chromatin, which consists of DNA and proteins, condenses into visible chromosomes. Each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at a region called the centromere. The nuclear envelope, which surrounds the nucleus, begins to break down, and spindle fibers start to form. Prophase

8. During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate, which is an imaginary plane equidistant from the two poles of the cell. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive the same number and type of chromosomes. Metaphase

9. Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids. The spindle fibers attached to the centromeres shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart and moving them toward opposite poles of the cell. Anaphase

10. In telophase, the separated chromosomes reach the poles of the cell, and new nuclear envelopes begin to form around them. The chromosomes start to decondense back into chromatin, and the spindle fibers disassemble. Telophase

11. Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, during which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided into two daughter cells. In animal cells, this process is accomplished by a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell membrane inward until the cell is divided into two. Cytokinesis

12. After cytokinesis, the two daughter cells enter interphase, and the cycle may begin again. Each daughter cell produced by mitosis is genetically identical to the parent cell and contains the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis is essential for growth, development, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.

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