GORBACHEV & USSR .its significant to the world.pptx

Mikhail Gorbachev was the last leader of the Soviet Union, serving as General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 to 1991 and President of the USSR from 1990 to 1991. He played a pivotal role in bringing an end to the Cold War and he was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1990

1. GOOD AFTERNOON

2. TOPICS Who is MIKHAIL GORBACHEV? What is USSR? Presented By: SHIELA JOY T. IGNACIO

3. OBJECTIVES UNDERSTAND THE LIFE AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF MIKHAIL GORBACHEV EXAMINE THE SIGNIFICANT EVENT OF USSR

4. Who was Mikhail Gorbachev? Mikhail Gorbachev was a Soviet politician. Gorbachev served as the last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–91) as well as the last president of the Soviet Union (1990–91). Both as general secretary and as president, Gorbachev supported democratic reforms. He enacted policies of glasnost (“openness”) and perestroika (“restructuring”), and he pushed for disarmament and demilitarization in eastern Europe. Gorbachev’s policies ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990–91.

5. How did Mikhail Gorbachev become president of the Soviet Union ? Mikhail Gorbachev was named a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1971. In 1979–80 Gorbachev joined its supreme policy-making body (the Politburo), and in 1985 he was elected general secretary of the CPSU. In October 1988 General Secretary Gorbachev was elected to the chairmanship of the presidium of the national legislature (the Supreme Soviet). Shortly thereafter Gorbachev restructured the Soviet government to include a bicameral parliament. In 1989 the parliament elected from its ranks a new Supreme Soviet and made Gorbachev its chairman. In 1990 Gorbachev ran without opposition for president of the Soviet Union.

6. What is Mikhail Gorbachev known for? Mikhail Gorbachev played a key role in ending the Soviet Union’s post-World War II domination of eastern Europe. Gorbachev helped take down the long-standing Iron Curtain separating Eastern communist states and Western noncommunist states. In foreign affairs, Gorbachev cultivated friendlier relations with noncommunist states, including and especially the United States. Gorbachev worked with U.S. President Ronald Reagan to lessen the political and military tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. In so doing, Gorbachev helped end the Cold War. In 1990 Gorbachev received the Nobel Peace Prize for his “leading role in the peace process” in Europe.

7. 1985: STAGNATION CONSENSUS Social Corruption, bribery Drugs, juvenile delinquency, youth apathy Alcoholism New “cultures” Questioning the past

8. Economic Technological gap: computers, electronics Poor quality Waste; no accounting Shortages “Stagnant” “command system”

9. Gorbachev’s Plan Foreign policy: end the Cold War with US Economic: decentralized market reforms within socialism Political: limited democratization to mobilize the population for reform

10. Gorbachev’s Foreign Policy Agreements with U.S. -1986, 1987 summits with Reagan -1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty with U.S. Cut foreign commitments -1988 Afghanistan pull-out -Reduce aid to Cuba, Africa Demand Eastern Europe reform -Stand on their own -Soviet troops neutral -1989: revolutions in E. Germany, Poland, others

11. Economics: Perestroika, a neo-NEP Perestroika (“restructuring”) Use market regulators Break up central planning Private “cooperatives” Goals: Efficiency through competition Make socialism work better Unleash creativity through incentive Prosperity, national power Obstacles: No precedents, models except NEP No capitalist culture “don’t get rich” “businessman” a bad word No cost accounting No work ethic How to privatize? How to transition?

12. Glasnost’ (Openness) Civil rights -Free speech,press -Free association -Tell the truth about past, less secrecy -Right to publically criticize Political rights -Genuine elections -Multiple political parties -Remove CPSU from administering country Goals: -Increase participation -Beat bureaucracy - Check against Conservatives.

13. The Soviet Union's full name was the "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" or U.S.S.R. "Soviet" comes from the name for workers' councils, and the hammer and sickle on its red flag symbolically represented the labor of the country's workers. What is USSR?

14. What is USSR? Official name Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . a former federal, highly centralized union that grew to sustain 15 constituent republics, spanning 11 time zones across Eurasia and comprising the larger part of the former Russian Empire: formed in 1922 and dissolved in 1991

15. Why the USSR Collapsed?... Beginnings of the Soviet Command Economy Initial Period of Rapid Growth Slowing Growth and the Beginning of Reforms Perestroika and Collapse

16. On December 25, 1991, Gorbachev announced his resignation of the presidency of the Soviet Union in a televised address. At 7:32 PM, less than a half hour after the conclusion of Gorbachev’s speech, the Soviet hammer-and-sickle flag was lowered from outside the Kremlin for the final time. It was replaced by the prerevolutionary red, white, and blue tricolor of Russia. Russia succeeded to the U.S.S.R.’s permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, and all Soviet embassies became Russian embassies. For six days, the Soviet Union continued to exist in name only, and at midnight on December 31, 1991, it was formally dissolved. CONCLUSION