GP 4 - GLP for the Forensic_laboratory.pptx

glp

1. Forensic Laboratory

2. Group Members Aima Khalid Faiqa Ali Faiza Tariq Madiha Mahfooz Mehreen Muhammad Arsalan Muhammad Asadullah Usman Sabahat Abbas Sadia Iltaf

3. Contents Introduction Forensic testing Accreditation Area of investigation Departments of lab Fingerprint lab Trace evidence lab Serology / DNA labs Materials lab Firearms lab Photography lab Chemistry lab Others labs GLP in forensic lab Quality assurance

4. Introduction A forensic science laboratory is a scientific laboratory that i nvolves application of science to criminal and civil laws Run by private companies or government Often associated with law enforcement infrastructure of a country .

5. Cont’d... Forensic scientists collect, preserve and analyze scientific evidence during investigation Some forensic scientists travel to the scene of the crime to collect the evidence themselves

6. Cont’d... If the chain of custody procedure is handled correctly, forensic laboratory evidence can be admitted in court Laboratory staff who handle and process such specimens typically receive special training

7. Accreditation forensic laboratories prove their competence to other accrediting organizations such as the College of American Pathologists (CAP), American Board of Forensic Toxicology, the National Forensic Science Technology Center ( NSFTC) American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors/Laboratory Accreditation Board.

8. Area of investigation In some classifications, the laboratory was divided into four areas of investigations: Biology Chemistry D NA Drugs / Toxicology

9. Other classification, The laboratory is divided into many areas of investigation: Fingerprint lab Trace evidence lab Serology / DNA labs Materials lab Firearms lab Photography lab Chemistry lab Others labs

10. Departments of lab 1.Fingerprint lab: The items to be tested for fingerprints , A newspaper A glass bottle A floppy disk Finger print detection techniques: Iodine fuming Superglue fuming Powder

11. Finger Print Detection Technique A dedicated workstation for the recording and enhancement of latent fingerprints An optical projector for the visual comparison of record and recovered fingerprints

12. 2.Trace Evidence Laboratory In most labs, a unit commonly known as “Trace Evidence Unit” forms an area where scientists take clue in evidence such as: Hair Fabric Dust Fiber Skeletal remains Refer to “Every Criminal Leaves A Trace”

13. Trace Evidence Techniques Multi-functional forensic trace evidence analysis system Trace evidence elemental analysis by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy-LIBS

14. 3.Serology/DNA laboratory Forensic Serologists: Scientists who examine physical evidence with intent of finding, identifying and individualizing stains of biological origin The serology unit specializes in the identification and analysis of Blood stains Body fluids DNA sequencing

15. DNA Laboratory Forensic DNA analysis deals with the identification of the source of a body fluid through DNA testing two samples are taken, one from the suspect and one from the scene of the crime. The samples can be skin tissue, hair, blood, semen or vaginal fluid, and really anything else with cells in it. Then , the DNA of both samples is extracted, studied, and compared ..

16. Applications Identify potential suspects whose DNA may match evidence left at crime scenes. Identify crime and catastrophe victims. Establish paternity and other family relationships. Match organ donors with recipients in transplant programs .

17. 4.Material Laboratory Material units are used to identify and analyze : Metals Paints Ceramics Soil Wood The biology unit is in charge of analyzing all biological evidence such a seeds and plants.

18. 5. Firearm Laboratory Firearms units test weapons to see which weapon made the mark on an object or wounded or killed a person. firearms specialists identify the bullet marks and establish the firing distance.

19. 6. Photography Laboratory Photography plays a vital role in the forensic laboratory, as photography is used to document crime scene evidence. Processing resources and dark room services allow specialists in the area of photography to analyze photographs and bring the evidence to light.

20. Photogrammetry Physical dimensions can be derived from images through the use of geometric formulas or on-site comparison. For on-site comparisons, examiners enter the scene and place a height chart at the location of the subject(s) or object(s) of interest.

21. Photographic evidence Photographic evidence include Film Video Digital Images Prints Can be examined to determine whether the image is the result of a composite, an alteration, or a copy.

22. 7. Chemistry Laboratory A chemistry unit is present in any laboratory and is used to test samples of : Blood and urine for alcohol Drugs and poisoning Synthetic materials such medicine . Specialists in the area of chemistry also rely on FTIR, gas chromatographs, mass spectrometers, atomic absorption and microscopes to identify chemicals

23. 8. Other Laboratories Large labs also have arson and explosives experts as well as specialists in software, computer data, files, documents, audios and video recordings The units available in different labs will vary from one to the other.

24. Lab Design Building Utility Furniture Tested samples Methods of analysis Instruments Chemicals Glassware staff

25. 1. Building: Building design issues like safety, wall paintings, electrical plugs, partition, ventilation system and fire fighting system 2. Utility: Utility services include: vacuum, natural gas, O 2 and CO 2, required cylinder and distilled water. 3. F urniture: Design depending on space, isolation of preparation area, size of instruments, and safety regulations

26. 4. Tested Samples: Two main classes of chemical compounds, Organic compounds Are based on carbon and are found in living things. Inorganic compounds Are those based on other elements. From the point of view of forensic science, both organic and inorganic compounds are found in items of evidence.

27. Biological Samples: Blood Urine Hair Nails Saliva Tissue Non-biological Samples: Unidentified Pills Powder Liquids Gases Tested Samples

28. 5.Methods of analysis: All methods are standard methods. The selected methods will be suitable for Lab sample . QC applications for Methods of analysis 6.Instruments: Required instruments chosen according to Test methods. Up to date version. Good reputation instrument manufactures ..

29. Main instruments: All the required instruments chosen according to test methods: Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) GC LC UV/Vis spectroscopy Microscope. Atomic Force Microscopy Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC) Others instruments.

30. 7. Chemicals: All chemicals prepared according to the standard methods of analysis. The purity of required chemicals. Quantities of chemicals per one year. Hazardous notes about all chemicals.

31. 8. Glass wares: All glass ware prepared according to The stander methods of analysis . Amounts of glass wares. Storage requirements for items. 9. Staff: The training of all staff on: SOP’s Selected instruments. Methods of analysis. Sampling. Preparation of samples. QC of the tests

32. Interpretation Of Results: The specific questions that must be answered are whether the concentrations of any analyte or combinations of analytes were: Sufficient to cause the death? Sufficient to have affected the actions of the decedent so as to have caused the death? Insufficient to have any involvement in the cause of death ?

33. GLP In Forensic Lab Personnel • Each individual engaged in the conduct of or responsible for the supervision of a laboratory study shall have education, training, and experience, or combination thereof, to enable that individual to perform the assigned functions.

34. • Each laboratory shall maintain a current summary of training and experience and job description for each individual engaged. • There shall be a sufficient number of personnel for the timely and proper conduct of the study according to the testing required

35. Handling Test And Control Article As it is necessary to prevent contamination or mix-ups, there shall be separate areas for: Receipt and storage of the test and control articles. Storage areas for the test and/or control article are separate from laboratory areas and shall be adequate to preserve the identity, strength, purity, and stability of the articles.

36. Maintenance And Calibration Of Equipment Equipment shall be adequately inspected, cleaned, and maintained and calibrated. Equipment used for the generation, measurement, or assessment of data shall be adequately tested, calibrated, and/or standardized. Written standard operating procedures shall be written in sufficient detail.

37. Reporting Of Results Final report shall be prepared for each laboratory study and shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following: Name and address of the facility performing the testing and the dates on which the testing was initiated and completed Statistical methods employed for analyzing the data. A description of the calculations , or operations performed on the data, a summary and analysis of the data, and a statement of the conclusions drawn from the data analysis.

38. Reagents And Solution Labeling All reagents and solutions in the laboratory areas shall be labeled to indicate identity, strength, concentration, storage requirements, and expiration date. Outdated reagents and solutions shall not be used . Conduct Of Lab Study All data generated during a laboratory study, except those that are generated by automated data collection systems, shall be recorded directly and legibly in ink.

39. Retention of Records . Period of at least 5 years following the date on which the results of the laboratory study are submitted in support of the intended use of the study.

40. Quality assurance Quality assurance is the basic maintenance of a specific level of quality within a working practice, designed to ensure attention to detail is achieved and products are free of faults Essential element of modern forensic science It is guarantying that a consistent set of standard and integrity and the level of maintenance is achieved and sustained throughout forensic science establishments

41. It is important in the Forensic science setting because if every laboratory adopted their own policies, for example how evidence is tested and what conditions they are tested in, when evidence is presented in court there could be questions on ‘how do we know what conditions evidence is tested in (could there b contamination) and if protocol and procedures used by this company is right’.

42. Accreditation is the means of assessing the reliability and integrity of an organization such as a Laboratory ensuring it meets the specific requirements in order to reduce risks under the international accreditation standards Trace evidence : Once in the laboratory, the evidence must be correctly stored, which may involve refrigeration or protection from moisture, and it must never be left unattended or unsecured .

43. The QA/QC system should allow for the rapid detection and correction of this kind of incident. An important part of QA/QC is ensuring all this equipment is properly used by staff that have received correct training The equipment must also be properly and regularly calibrated .

44. The manager of the laboratory will have had several years of experience of forensic work. Because forensic science is such a rapidly evolving discipline, it is essential that there be provision for continuing education for everyone employed in the laboratory

45. T H E E N D