GPS Aircraft Tracking

This presentation is elaboration about the history of Navigation System, RADAR, different types of Satellites,Global Positioning System Satellites, Wide Area Augmentation System, aircraft tracking and technology management.

1. Aircraft GPS Tracking. Submitted to: Ma’am Sadia Zaib. Presented By: Yasir Abbas .

2. HISTORY: Navigating by stars (requires clear nights and careful measurements) most widely used for centuries The first practical radar system was produced in 1935 by the British physicist Sir Robert Watson-Watt. The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 under the Sputnik program. The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems. GPS was created and realized by the U.S. department of defense and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1993. “Bradford Parkinson”, “Roger l. Easton”, and “Ivan a. getting” are credited with inventing it. By: Yasir Abbas.

3. Aircraft Positioning using RADAR: Aircraft are managed and monitored using RADAR(Radio Detection and Ranging) Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations and terrain. Each country use its RADAR system to monitor their aircraft , By: Yasir Abbas.

4. Continue... when we talk about international services these metal bodies have to pass over the oceans and across many countries then we have to communicate with Satellites. RADAR are widely used during Wars and for military usage to control fighter plans. RADAR are also being widely used in different application. Now , we are going to use the Satellites (which is our next segment) to position object all over the world as well. By: Yasir Abbas.

5. Types of satellites in the space. Communications Satellite Remote Sensing Satellite Navigation Satellite Geocentric Orbit type satellites - LEO, MEO, HEO Global Positioning System (GPS) Geostationary Satellites (GEOs) Natural satellites i.e. moon. Currently there are over 2000 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth By: Yasir Abbas.

6. WHAT IS GPS? A space-based satellite navigation system provides location and time information in all weather. Maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. By: Yasir Abbas.

7. Official name : “Navigational Satellite Timing And Ranging Global Positioning System” (NAVSTAR GPS) Consists of 30+ GPS satellites in medium Earth orbit (2000km - 35,000 km). Made up of two dozen satellites working in harmony are known as a satellite constellation Mainly used for navigation, map-making and surveying. Official logo for NAVSTAR GPS By: Yasir Abbas.

8. GPS ELEMENTS. Three segments Space segment. Control segment. User segment. By: Yasir Abbas.

9. Space Segment Minimum of 24 satellites (currently 32) in orbit around earth at altitude 20,000 km. It transmit radio-navigation signals, and store and retransmit the navigation message sent by the control segment. By: Yasir Abbas.

10. Control Segment Combination of a master control station, 12 ground antennas, and 16 monitoring stations responsible for the proper functioning of all the operation of GPS such as changing unhealthy satellite with a healthy one By: Yasir Abbas.

11. User Segment Comprises of thousand of U.S. and military users who uses the secure GPS precise Positioning service, and millions of civil, commercial and scientific users . By: Yasir Abbas.

12. How GPS works Each satellites broadcast radio signals with their location , time and also rebroadcast those signals which are sent by different aircrafts as well as other devices . GPS receivers receives radio signals, and used these data to calculate its distance from at least four satellites. Distance=Speed * Travel time Trilateration method is used to define its exact location on the Earth. By: Yasir Abbas.

13. Trilateration: In geometry, trilateration is defined as the process of determining absolute or relative locations of points by measurement of distances, using the geometry of circles, spheres or triangles. By: Yasir Abbas.

14. How trilateration Works By: Yasir Abbas.

15. GPS Aircraft Tracking: Automatic dependent surveillance—broadcast (ADS–B) is a surveillance technology. In which an aircraft determines its position via satellite navigation and periodically broadcasts it, enabling it to be tracked. Aircraft ADS-B enabled sends its information to the orbiting satellites after every 15 minutes. This packet of information helps airline control team to manage the schedule of arrival and departure of aircraft. By: Yasir Abbas.

16. Continue… Message from aircraft caring the in formation its exact position, air speed, direction and altitude is sent to the satellite. Satellite receive this information and rebroadcast to the nearest ground receiver station. Ground receiver receive this information and pass it to the control station using optics cabling. The control system process this information to track the actual position of the aircraft and update on screen board. Adding on thing that GPS and RADAR system is enough for tacking and controlling aircraft. By: Yasir Abbas.

17. Aircraft GPS Tracking(Information sharing): By: Yasir Abbas.

18. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) WAAS is used in higher precise positioning ventures. The WAAS is a type of satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) that uses widely spaced ground stations to correct small errors in Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite data. The main benefit of the WAAS is a greatly improved accuracy. Traditional GPS is accurate to 15 meters (about 50 feet). WAAS-enabled GPS is accurate to less than 3 meters 95 percent of the time. By: Yasir Abbas.

19. How the WAAS Works The WAAS uses 38 Wide-Area Reference Stations located on the ground across North America to monitor GPS satellites. The satellite data are collected at the reference stations and sent to one of three WAAS Master Stations. At a master station, the GPS-only data are corrected and used to create WAAS augmentation messages. Six Ground Uplink Stations send the messages to three geostationary communications satellites, which broadcast the improved positioning data to WAAS-enabled GPS receivers. The system also includes two Operational Control Centers that monitor and maintain it. We can say that WAAS is updated form of GPS in order to be more precise. By: Yasir Abbas.

20. Practical implementation. Tracking Aircraft. Our discussion started from RADAR and completed at WAAS. We have discussed about complete GPS composition and its working How it is used to track the Aircraft and other metal bodies capable to communicate wirelessly. And now we are going to track the aircraft over my geographical location and worldwide also. Click here. https://www.flightradar24.com/airport/isb By: Yasir Abbas.

21. Technology Management: There are 2000 satellites in the space launched by different countries are being properly managed. GPS satellites are working in harmony in their orbits and unhealthy satellites are being changed with healthy one’s. Ground station has been managed in such away each segment knows what do and when? In this green planet thousands of aircraft take off and arrives at their destinations daily. Technology from golden satellites to private planes are managed in admirable way. By: Yasir Abbas.

22. Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/videos/124-communicating-with-satellites https://www.nasa.gov/ https://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/space/ http://us.support.tomtom.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4043/~/what-is-gps%3F https://www.thebalancecareers.com/the-global-positioning-system-for-pilots-282831 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5h7eQfwHiIc https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-differences-between-geostationary-satellites-and-GPS-global-positioning-system https://gisgeography.com/trilateration-triangulation-gps/ By: Yasir Abbas.

23. Thank you respected ma’am and adorable fellows. By: Yasir Abbas.