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1. Hand Tools -are usually light and are used without the help of animals or machines. They are used in performing farm activities that involve small areas like the school garden and home garden.

2. Farm Implements These are accessories that are being pulled by working animals or mounted to machineries (hand tractor, tractor); which are usually used in the preparation of land. These are usually made of a special kind of metal.

3. Farm tools and equipment are vital in finishing a task; thus, knowing the different tools and equipment makes it easy, efficient, and safer to complete.

4. The tool shed is a good place for keeping the tools and equipment that are not in use. The Tool Shed

5. Tools and equipment are necessary to perform growing and caring of plants. Tools are hand- held inventions which makes manual labor faster, easier, and safer whereas equipment are powered machines that helps in a large- scale work. Implements these are accessories made of wood or metal and is commonly attached to a working animal or machinery to perform land preparation.

6. Farm Tools Classification General Function bolo, pruning shears, axe, knife, sickle cutting tools to remove tall grasses and weeds as well as chopping of unnecessary branches of plants and trees. Bolo Sickle Knife Axe Pruning Shears

7. Farm Tools Classification General Function crowbar, pick- mattock, spade, shovel, hand trowel, digging tools to create big holes, creating canals and furrows for planting, also to mix soil media. Crowbar Shovel Hand Trowel Pick- mattock Spade

8. Farm Tools Classification General Function grab- hoe, rake, spading fork, light hoe, hand cultivator, hand fork soil preparation tools to break hard topsoil, pulverize the soil, cleaning and leveling the soil, and loosening the soil. Grab- Hoe Rake Spading Fork Light Hoe Hand Cultivator Hand Fork

9. Farm Tools Classification General Function sprinklers, water pail, sprayers, hose plant care tools to water the seedlings and young plants, also to distribute pesticides and fertilizer to the plants. Hose Sprinkler Sprayer Water Pail

10. Farm Tool Classification General Function wheelbarrow transferring tool to carry and transfer farm and garden materials from one place to another.

11. Farm Implement Classification General Function Plow, harrow, rotavator soil preparation to be attached to a working animal such as carabao or machinery such as tractor to perform similar functions to that of soil preparation tools only this time in a larger area or field. Plow Harrow Rotavator

12. Farm Equipment Classification General Function hand tractor, four- wheel tractor soil preparation to pull plow, harrow, rotavator in preparing a large area of land. Hand Tractor Four- wheel Tractor

13. Farm Equipment Classification General Function Rice seeder planting To plant riceseedlings faster in desired distances from one another.

14. Farm Equipment Classification General Function Water pump Plant care to draw out water from a source to create irrigation.

15. Tools are generally used for manual work using the hands to maneuver the tools to serve its function. Tools are commonly used for small to medium scale workloads and fields.

16. Equipment are powered machines used to make manual labor more efficient. It is commonly for medium to large scale workloads and field functions. Implements are additional accessories attached to working animal or machinery to prepare the soil for planting. Safety at work is attained if there is knowledge and skill in handling the tools and equipment as well as if there is the proper care and maintenance of the tools and equipment. Maintenance is a process of preventing tool and equipment damage through inspection before use and cleaning after use.

17. Recharge 13 Farm Tools and Equipment 1. 2. 3. 4.

18. Recharge 14 Farm Tools and Equipment 5. 6. 7. 8.

19. Recharge 15 Farm Tools and Equipment 9. 10. 11. 12.

20. Recharge 16 Farm Tools and Equipment 13. 14. 15. 16.

21. Recharge 17 Farm Tools and Equipment 17. 18. 19. 20.

22. Recharge 18 Farm Tools and Equipment 1. Wheelbarrow 2. Shovel 3. Hose 4. Rake Table 1. Answer Key for Lesson 2 Recharge

23. Recharge 19 Farm Tools and Equipment 5. Rice harvester 6. Tractor 7. Hedge shears 8. Sprinkler Table 1. Answer Key for Lesson 2 Recharge

24. Recharge 20 Farm Tools and Equipment 9. Spade 10. Hand trowel 11. Spading fork 12. Hand cultivator Table 1. Answer Key for Lesson 2 Recharge

25. Recharge 21 Farm Tools and Equipment 13. Water pail 14. Hand fork 15. Plow 16. Water pump Table 1. Answer Key for Lesson 2 Recharge

26. Recharge 22 Farm Tools and Equipment 17. Sickle 18. Axe 19. Pruning shears 20. Knife Table 1. Answer Key for Lesson 2 Recharge

27. Defects and Hazards Associated with Farm Tools Although there are many different types of farm machinery, they tend to have similar characteristics and parts, such as: cutting edges gears chains levers revolving shafts and rotating blades.

28. Shear/Cutting Points Shear points are created when the edges of two objects are moved close enough together to cut a material, as in the case of a pair of shears or an auger. Cutting points are created when a single object moves forcefully or rapidly enough to cut, as in the case of a sickle blade. They are hazards because of their cutting force, and because they often move so rapidly that they may not be visible. Workers should be aware of shear points, and shields or guards should be used to prevent exposure or access.

29. Pinch Points Pinch points are formed when two objects move together and at least one of them is moving in a circle. For example, the point at which a belt runs onto a pulley is a pinch point. Belt drives, chain drives and gear drives are other examples of pinch points in power transmission devices. Body parts such as fingers, hands and feet can be caught directly in pinch points, or they may be drawn into the pinch points by loose clothing that becomes entangled. Workers should be aware of pinch points, and shields or guards should be used to prevent exposure or access.

30. Wrap Points Rotating shafts are the most common source of wrap point accidents, although any exposed tool part that rotates can be a wrap point. Clothing or hair can catch on a rotating part. The ends of shafts that protrude beyond bearings are also dangerous. Universal joints, keys and fastening devices can also snag clothing. Entanglement with a wrap point can pull you into the machine, or clothing may become so tightly wrapped that you are crushed or suffocated. Workers operating machinery should be aware of wrap points and wear clothing that will not become entangled in moving components. In addition, where possible, shields or guards should be used to prevent access.

31. Crush Points Crush points are created when two objects move toward each other or one object moves toward a stationary one. For example: (failure to block up tool safely can result in a crushing injury) Crushing injuries most commonly occur to fingers. To prevent a crushing injury, workers should: (be aware of crush points and avoid potentially dangerous situations; arrange the hitch point so that a tool can be backed into position without a worker being in the path)

32. Pull-In Points Pull-in points usually occur when plant material or other obstacles become stuck in feed rolls or other tool parts, preventing the mechanism from operating

33. Springs Springs are commonly used to help lift equipment such as shock absorbers, and to keep belts tight and may harbour potentially dangerous stored energy. Springs under compression will expand with great force when released while those that are stretched will contract rapidly when released. A worker should know in which direction a spring will move and how it might affect another tool part when released, and stay out of its path.

34. GENERAL FARM TOOL SAFETY Keeping tools in good working condition is half the formula for being safe. The other half is the ability and awareness of the person using the tools Safety = Good Working Tools + Able and Aware Worker

35. Tool failure causes some farm accidents; however, most farm accidents are caused by tired, stressed, rushed, distracted, or incompetent workers.

36. In addition to the specific safe handling rules for each type of farm tools, there are ten basic guidelines for tools safety: Read and comply with the operator's safety manual for each piece of farm tool. Prepare for safety by wearing appropriate clothing, having enough rest, not drinking alcohol, and ensuring that all workers have been trained and are capable of safely using the farm tool.

37. Keep all guards, shields, and access doors in place when the tool is in used Be aware of what you are doing and where you are going. Adjust tool to fit working conditions. Keep children and other people away from the working area. Take breaks from work, as necessary.

38. Equipment These are machineries used in horticultural operations, especially in vegetable production. They are used in land preparation and in transporting farm inputs and products. This equipment needs a highly skilled operator to use.

39. Farm Equipment Parts and Functions Understanding the Various Controls on the Tractor Starting the Tractor The Kubota and most small farm tractors are started by turning the key to the right one click until the light for the glow plugs comes on and then goes off again. You may then depress the clutch and turn the key all the way to the right until the engine turns over.

40. On cold mornings the choke may be required. This is operated by pulling the choke (located near the key) all the way out. As you turn the engine over, slowly push the choke back in until the engine kicks on. It is very important that the throttle be pushed all the way in the upward (turtle) position before starting the tractor. This gives the tractor an opportunity to warm up in the idle position, which is very important for any diesel engine.

41. 1. Throttle Control The throttle can be located sticking out of right side of the dash. It is an orange handled lever equipped with a turtle and a rabbit symbol. Pulling down on the lever towards the rabbit increases the amount of fuel fed into the engine and therefore increases RPM‘s and available power to the tractor

42. 2. Clutch Pedal This pedal is found on the left side of your foot controls. It is a single pedal.

43. 3. Forward and Reverse Pedal This ―rocker‖ pedal makes the tractor go forwards and backwards and can be found on the right side of your foot controls. It sits on the floor of the tractor.

44. 4. Brake Pedals These pedals sit above the ―rocker‖ pedal and can be operated as one pedal or split to brake the individual rear wheels.

45. Basic Tractor Safety Principles Always wear your seatbelt! Most tractors are equipped with a roll over protection device that is built to protect you if the tractor rolls. A seatbelt will save you from getting crushed! Never stand near a spinning PTO! The PTO and connected drive shaft spins with incredible o force. Keep clothing and body parts away from the spinning shaft, or risk dismemberment and death!

46. Do not rest arms or hands in the joints of any hydraulic part or risk dismemberment. Never put your hands inside or around active implements when the tractor is running Turn off tractor if any jamming or other obstructions occur when using PTO driven implements.

47. Do not operate tractor on a dangerous slope! Be aware of rollover dangers. Always move very slowly when moving heavy loads in the bucket! Driving with a heavy load greatly changes the balance and stability of the tractor. Heavy loads encourage tipping and rolling.

48. How to Operate a Farm Tractor Knowing how to drive farm tractor properly can help avoid accidents. Using the tractor in the farm reduces the tedious work and eventually offers more time enjoying other activities. In this sense, you should know the safety precautions when using the farm tractor.