Grade 6 TLE Agriculture 2024 Villaverde.pptx

Agriculture

1. LESSON 6 PROPER WAY OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT BEARING TREES

2. Lesson Objectives   Identify proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit bearing trees. Demonstrate proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit-bearing trees. Identify proper care for seedlings.

3. LET’S BE INFORMED Modern technology and research have gone a long way especially in the field of Agriculture. There are different agricultural products today that did not exist long ago. We now have seedless grapes, oranges, and watermelons. There are also various plants with leaves and flowers of different colors that come from just one plant. Fruit-bearing trees are able to bear fruits within a very short span of time. Some can bear fruits all year round. These advancements are possible because of an agricultural technology called plant propagation.

4. Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or multiplying plant species. It is being practiced because of the following reasons : To increase the number of plant species To produce plant varieties that are resistant to some insect pests and diseases evolve new and better varieties of plants To suited to different conditions of soil and climate To accelerate and at the same time lessen the bearing age of plants To avert the extinction of some plant species

5. PROPER WAY OF PROPAGATING FRUIT-BEARING TREES Cutting - The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10 inches long. One—half of the cutting is inserted into the soil. Example : Sinigwelas , Kamoteng kahoy

6. Marcotting or Air layering – induces the stem to develop roots while it is still growing on the mother plant. The steps are as follows: a. Select a healthy branch. b. Remove a ring-like layer of soft bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach the bark about 2 to 3 inches long or until you reach the hard, wood layer. c. Apply sphagnum moss around the cut surface. d. Cover securely with a piece of plastic sheet. e. Tie both ends to prevent drying of the rooting medium. Keep it moist. f. Cut the marcot just below the ball of sphagnum moss when sufficient roots develop. g. Remove some leaves to further induce root development. h. Place the potted in a cool and shady place.

7. Grafting – a plant propagation method that involves inserting a scion into a stock so that they will form a union and grow together

8. Steps in Grafting Preparing the Stock.  Start at the cut surface of the rootstock and make a vertical slit through the bark where each scion can be inserted (2 inches long and spaced 1 inch apart). Preparing the Scion.  Since multiple scions are usually inserted around the cut surface of the rootstock, prepare several scions for each graft. Cut the base of each scion to a 1 1 ⁄ 2 - to 2-inch tapered wedge on one side only.

9. Types of Orchard Farms Fruit Orchards Fruit orchards include any facility focused on growing tree-bearing fruits. Citrus trees, such as those bearing lemons, limes or oranges, may be grown all together in large citrus orchards, or individually in smaller facilities. Plantations that grow fruit-bearing bushes generally don't fall under this category. These include fruits not grown on trees. 10

10. Nut Orchards Nut orchards include a large variety of facilities that produce nut- bearing trees. These include orchards that grow popular nuts like cashews, walnuts and almonds. This category also includes cocoa and chocolate-producing nuts, as well as coconuts. Some orchard owners produce pine trees for their edible pine nuts. 11

11. Seed Orchards Seed orchards focus primarily on growing trees that produce seeds rather than nuts or fruit. These seeds are then sold to commercial distributors for resale to the public in small seed packets. They may also be sold to large agricultural facilities or used for food production. Seed orchards can further be divided into two categories based on how they are established. In a seedling orchard, trees are selected through controlled pollination. In a clonal seed orchard, seeds are distributed through methods such as cutting and tissue culture, resulting in an easier harvest overall. 12

12. Home or Backyard Orchards A system of high density planting of fruit trees which allows for a wide variety of fruit to be grown in a limited space and harvested over prolonged period of time. 13

13. Factors to consider in planting fruit trees for your orchard: Planting trees requires careful study of various factors to ensure its proper adaptability and growth. Climate -the most important factor affecting the growth of trees or fruit trees. It has been observed that different varieties of trees grow bestin certain climatic conditions. Temperature - the degree of coldness and hotness of the atmosphere at certain period of time. Sunlight - the main energy proider in the process of food manufacture in the plant kingdom. Soil -provides nutrients in plants and contains mineraal elements necessary for normal plant growth and development of the trees. 14

14. Nuts Fruit bearing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Below are examples of nuts and fruit bearing plants found in our country, Classify nuts from fruit bearing plants. Cacao avocado cashews walnuts almonds cocoa Coconut banana peanut santo l mango kalamansi citrus Orange Aratellis chico mandarin durian guyabano jackfruit star apple Lanzones mangostee n melon

15. Trees suited for orchard gardening based on : LOCATION Hillside – Pili Nut, Palm Tree, Coconut, Mango Slope – Coconut, Cashew, Palm tree, Pili nut, Mango Valley – Durian, Banana, Papaya, Mangosteen Plain – Banana, Mango, Citrus Fruits, Dragon Fruit CLIMATE Elevated (cold) – Pomelo, Grape Low (warm) – Banana, Guava, Durian Dry Season – Papaya, Guava, Star apple, Pili nut, Palm Tree Wet Season – Durian, Banana, Mango MARKET DEMAND Year Round – Citrus, Dragon Fruit, Papaya, Coconut Seasonal – Star apple, Jack Fruit, Guava, Santol 16

16. BUDDING- is the joining of two genetically different species of a particular fruit variety through the cohesion of their cambiums. We do this to grow the kind of edible fruit we want on a manageable size of root stock. 17

17. Steps: 18 1. Choose branches from the rootstock that are the size of a lead pencil up to 1/2 inch diameter. Larger branches have too thick bark for this method to work. 2. On the rootstock, about 15 or more inches from the trunk, make a T cut across the bark.   3. With a knife blade, lift the corners and carefully loosen the bark.   4. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin piece of attached wood.   5. Slide the bud under the flaps of the bark on the rootstock until the ends are firmly un9. Using electrician's tape, tie the bud to the rootstock.

18. 19 6. Wrap the ends tightly, but be sure not to cover the bud with tape.   7. In two to three weeks, cut the tie so you will not girdle the graft.   8. The next year, cut the rootstock off above the graft when the bud starts growing.   9. Remove any shoots below the graft.   10. The second year, remove all growth from the tree except the bud grafted shoots.

19. Instruction: Draw Smiley face if it is one of the Steps in Budding and Sad Face if not. 20 _______________1. Choose branches from the rootstock that are the size of a lead pencil up to 1/2 inch diameter. _______________2. On the rootstock, about 15 or more inches from the trunk, make a T cut across the bark.   _______________3. With a chainsaw , lift the corners and carefully loosen the bark.   _______________4. Cut a bud from the bud stick which includes a thin piece of attached wood.   _______________5. Cut the bud under the flaps of the bark on the rootstock until the ends are firmly separated.

20. 21 ____________6. unwrap the ends tightly, but be sure not to cover the bud with tape.   _____________7. In two to three weeks, cut the tie so you will not girdle the graft.   _____________8. The next year, cut the rootstock off above the graft when the bud starts growing.   _____________9. Do not remove any shoots below the graft.   _____________10. The second year, remove all growth from the tree except the bud grafted shoots.

21. Big concept Bring the attention of your audience over a key concept using icons or illustrations 22

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23. Trees suited for orchard gardening based on: 24

24. And tables to compare data A B C Yellow 10 20 7 Blue 30 15 10 Orange 5 24 16 25

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29. Let’s review some concepts Yellow Is the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, yellow is found between green and orange. Blue Is the colour of the clear sky and the deep sea. It is located between violet and green on the optical spectrum. Red Is the color of blood, and because of this it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger and courage. 30 Yellow Is the color of gold, butter and ripe lemons. In the spectrum of visible light, yellow is found between green and orange. Blue Is the colour of the clear sky and the deep sea. It is located between violet and green on the optical spectrum. Red Is the color of blood, and because of this it has historically been associated with sacrifice, danger and courage.

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