Grade 7. History -5. architecture as the power

There were two kinds of structures made during the 8th and 18th centuries.
First were meant for kings and their officers themselves such as forts, palaces, garden residences and tombs.
The second were structures meant for public activity such as temples, mosques, tanks, wells, caravanserais and bazaars.
Rich merchant also built temples, mosques and wells for public use and havelis for themselves.

1. Grade –7-
History Chapter
–5. Architecture
as the Power
Prepared By: NavyaRai
NavyaRai

2. Introduction
There were two kinds of structures made
during the 8th and 18th centuries.
First were meant for kings and their officers
themselves such as forts, palaces, garden
residences and tombs.
The second were structures meant for public
activity such as temples, mosques, tanks,
wells, caravanserais and bazaars.
Rich merchant also built temples, mosques
and wells for public use and havelisfor
themselves.
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NavyaRai

3. Engineering Skills and Construction
Monuments sheds much needed light on
construction technologies and the skills and maturity
of the architecture.
For example, during 8th and 13th centuries, trabeate
style was popular in construction of temples,
mosques, tombs and in buildings attached to large
stepped-wells (baolis).
Two major developments are evident from the 12th
century.
These are 1. The weight of the superstructure above
thedoorsandwindows was carried by the arches.
This was called “arcuate”.
2. The use of limestone cement in construction
increased manifold.NavyaRai

4. TrabeateStyle
⋆Lintel
⋆Shikar
⋆No use of Minar
⋆Material-Sand stone
ArcuateStyle
⋆Lintel replaced by arch.
⋆Dome
⋆Concept of minar.
⋆Material-brick, lime and
mortar-used for making
dome.
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5. ChandBawri-Step well (Baoli) at
Rajasthan
Pushkaraniat HampiKarnataka
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6. Building Temples, Mosques and
Tanks
Temples and mosques are some of the most
beautiful constructions of this era as they
were places of worship and also demonstrate
power, wealth and devotion of the patron.
Several kings who commissioned these
temples took the names of their gods as they
wished to potrayedlike them.
For example, theCholaroyal patron of
RajarajeshvaraTemple, adopted the
Rajarajadeva.
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7. The QutbMinar, also spelled as QutubMinar
and QutabMinar, Originally known as Rao
Petarah'sTemple is a minaret and "victory
tower" that forms part of the Qutbcomplex,
a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the
Mehrauliarea of New Delhi, India.
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8. BrihadishvaraTemple, also called Rajarajesvaramor
PeruvudaiyārKōvil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located
in South bank of Kaveririver in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
Architectural style:Dravidian architecture
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9. Why they built Temples
To show
their
wealth
To show
their
power
To show
their
devotion
To God
As
represent-
ativesof
God
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10. On another hand, MuslimSultans and
Padshahsdid not claim to be the incarnation
of god but Persian court chronicles
described themselves as the Shadow of the
God.
New kings and rulers used temples and
mosques to emphasisetheir moral right to be
rulers and connect with the populace.
They built several water tanks and reservoirs
to ensure ample supply of clean and pure
water. Hauz-i-Sultaniby Iltumishnear Delhi-i-
Kuhnais one such example.NavyaRai
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11. Why were Temples Destroyed?
Besides showing the devotion to
their Gods, they constructed temples
for displaying their wealth.
They also destroyed temples to make
a political-religious point.
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12. Gardens, Tombs and Forts
Under the rule ofMughals, Indian architecture
matured and became complex.
Babur,Humayun,Akbar,Jahangir,and
especially Shah Jahanwere personally
interested in literature, art and architecture.
Babur laid the foundation of a special type of
garden known as chaharbaghs.
They had four equal rectunglarsections with
other fancy features.
Later, the architecture of chaharbaghwas
perfected by Akbar, Jahangir and Shahjahan.
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13. chaharbagh
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14. MughalGarden
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15. During Akbar's reign, a central towering
dome and the tall gateway (pishtaq) became
important aspects of Mughalarchitecture.
The pattenwas first visible in Humanyun's
tomb.
During Shah Jahanreign, the Mughal
architecture reached its peak.
He was known for several construction in
Delhi and Agra.
The TajMahalis the prime example of
Mughalarchitecture.NavyaRai

16. BulandDarwaza, or the "Door of
victory", was built in 1602 A.D. by
Mughalemperor Akbar to
commemorate his victory over
Gujarat.
It is the main entrance to the Jama
Masjidat FatehpurSikri, which is
43 km from Agra, India.
BulandDarwazais the highest
gateway in the world and is an
example of Mughalarchitecture.
The
An immense mausoleum of
white marble, built in Agra
between 1631 and 1648 by
order of the Mughal
emperor Shah Jahanin
memory of his favourite
wife,theTajMahalis the
jewel of Muslim art in India
and one of the universally
admired masterpieces of
the world's heritage.
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17. Masjid-iJehanNumacommonly known as theJama
MasjidofDelhi, is one of the largest mosques in India.
It was built by theMughalEmperorShah Jahanbetween
1650 and 1656 at a cost of one million rupees.
The mosque was completed in 1656 AD with three great
gates and two 40 metreshighminaretsconstructed with
strips of redsandstoneand whitemarble.
The courtyard can accommodate more than 25000
people.
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18. Humayun’sTomb
Humayun'stomb
The tomb was commissioned by Humayun's
first wife and chief consort, EmpressBega
Begum(also known as HajiBegum),in
1569–70, and designed by MirakMirza
Ghiyasand his son, SayyidMuhammad,
Persian architects.
It was the first garden-tomb on theIndian
subcontinent,and is located inNizamuddin
East, Delhi, India,
The Red Fort is a historical
fortification in the old Delhi area.
Shah Jahanconstructed it in the
year 1639 as a result of a capital
shift from Agra to Delhi.
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19. Region and Empire
Between 8th and 18th century, there was a lot
of cultural exchange among different
communities.
For example, in Mathura, temple architecture
drew its inspiration from Mughalarchitecture
in FatehpurSikri.
The large empires such MughalEmpire paved
the way to the growth and intermixing of
artistic and architectural styles. NavyaRai
Even after the decline of MughalEmpire, the
architecture developed under their rule were
adopted by different states.
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20. NavyaRai