grade9-3&4-2ndQ.pptxfqgqggghqwhhhhhhhhhhh

f1qgqgqgqeyhhhh2

1. Ions Lesson:3

2. WHAT is an ion? An ION is any atom or molecule with net charge, either positive or negative.

3. How ions are formed? Ions are formed when a neutral atom or molecule gains or loses one or more electrons, resulting in an unequal number of protons and electrons and an overall electric charge. Ionization is the process where an atom or molecule becomes an ion by gaining or losing electrons, resulting in a net electric charge.

4. Two types of ions

5. What is a cation? A cation is an  atom  or  molecule  positively charged due to the loss of one or more electrons. This positive charge arises because the number of protons in the nucleus exceeds the number of  electrons  in the outer shell. Cations are common in  chemical reactions  where atoms tend to lose electrons to achieve stability. Elements that form cations are primarily  metals  because they tend to lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in a positively charge ion. Electropositivity is the tendency of an atom or element to lose electrons and form a positively charged ion (cation).

6. What is an anion? An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons. Because electrons carry a negative charge, the gain of extra electrons gives the atom more electrons than protons, resulting in a net negative charge Elements that form anions are primarily  non- metals  because they tend to gain electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, resulting in a negatively charge ion. Electronegativity is an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a bond, typically seen in non-metals

7. How does the periodic table help us what type of ion is formed by a given atom?

8. (or oxidation state) is a hypothetical charge assigned to an atom in a compound. Indicating the degree to which it has lost or gained electrons, with positive numbers signifying electron loss and negative numbers indicating electron gain. Oxidation number

9. A positive oxidation number indicates the atom has lost electrons.  A negative oxidation number indicates the atom has gained electrons.  Types of oxidation number

10. Naming the monoatomic cations and anion

11. A CATION is named by simply adding the term “ion” or “cation” after the name of parent atom.

12. Am ANION is named by the root name and simply changing the end with the suffix “ide”.

13. Symbol Type of Ion Name of Ion Na⁺ _ Cation___ _ Sodium ion_ 1. K⁺ ___________ ___________ 2. Mg²⁺ ___________ ___________ 3. Ca²⁺ ___________ ___________ 4. Al³⁺ ___________ ___________ 5.H⁺ ___________ ___________ 6.Cl⁻ ___________ ___________ 7.Br⁻ ___________ ___________ 8.O²⁻ ___________ ___________ 9.S²⁻ ___________ ___________ 10.N³⁻ ___________ ___________ Activity

14. Nomenclature of binary compounds Lesson:4

15. C hemical N omenclature   is the systematic set of rules and procedures for naming chemical compounds and substances. This standardized system, primarily governed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), ensures that each compound has a unique, unambiguous name, allowing scientists worldwide to communicate and understand chemical structures and compositions

16.   CHEMICAL NAME - the systematic, standardized name of a chemical compound that describes its composition. CHEMICAL FORMULA - It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many there are for each element in the form of subscripts.

17. Naming a binary ionic compound

18. Binary Ionic Compound - a compound composed of one metal and one non-metal elements.

19. Writing the chemical name of binary ionic compound RULE: Write Cation as it is, followed by the Anion with the suffix- ide Example : Sodium and Chlorine Lithium and Bromine Aluminum and nitrogen Beryllium and Oxygen

20. Crisscross method is a method of finding out the chemical formula of a metal and non metal that combine to form an ionic bond. Writing a chemical formula binary ionic compound Example: Sodium Chloride Beryllium Oxide Magnesium Chloride Aluminum nitride

21. Activity 2 I. DIRECTION: Give the Chemical Formula and show the crisscross method of the following ionic compound. Sodium chloride = ____ NaCl______ Magnesium oxide =______________ Calcium fluoride =______________ Potassium bromide =______________ Aluminum sulfide =______________ Lithium iodide =______________ Barium nitride =______________ Cesium chloride =______________ Strontium oxide =______________ Zinc sulfide =______________

22. II. Direction : Give the Chemical name of the following ionic compound NaBr → Sodium bromide LiCl → ______________ K₂O → ______________ MgS → ______________ CaF ₂ → ______________ BaI ₂ → ______________ AlN → ______________ ZnO → ______________ Na₂S → ______________ BeCl ₂ → ______________

23. Naming binary ionic compounds with transition metals Metals with variable charges, also called  variable oxidation state (VOS) metals , are elements that can form ions with more than one different charge and most of them are Transition Metals.  To name compounds containing these metals, Roman numerals are used to indicate their specific charge in the compound.

24. Examples:

25. Writing a chemical formula binary ionic compound with transition metals

26. Writing chemical name of transition metals with Latin names Example: Iron(III) Oxide Lead (II) Nitride Transition metal cations are indicated by a suffix in the old Roman numeral system, where  - ous   denotes a lower charge and  - ic   denotes a higher charge and the Anion suffix will remain as -ide

27. Example: Iron(III) Oxide Lead (II) Nitride Writing chemical name of transition metals with Latin names

28. Example: Iron(III) Oxide Lead (II) Nitride Writing chemical formula of transition metals with Latin names

29. II. Direction : Give the Chemical formula of the following ionic compound. CHEMICAL NAME CHEMICAL FORMULA Iron(II) sulfide -----------------------------______ FeS _________ Iron(III) sulfide -----------------------------__________ ________ Copper(I) chloride -------------------------_________ _________ Copper(II) chloride ------------------------_________ _________ Tin(II) bromide -----------------------------_________ _________ Tin(IV) bromide ----------------------------_________ _________ Lead(II) oxide -------------------------------______ ____________ Lead(IV) oxide ------------------------------______ ____________ Cobalt(II) fluoride -------------------------_________ _________ Chromium(III) nitride ---------------------______ ____________

30. II. Direction : Give the Chemical name of the following ionic compound FeCl ₂ – Ferrous_Chloride _________________________ CuO – ______________________________________ SnBr ₄ – ______________________________________ PbS – ______________________________________ Fe₂O ₃ – ______________________________________ CuCl – ______________________________________ Co₂O ₃ – ______________________________________ HgCl ₂ – ______________________________________ NiBr ₂ – ______________________________________ MnO ₂ –____________________________________

31. Naming a binary covalent compound

32. Binary Covalent Compound - a compound composed of two non metal elements

33. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! Chemical Bonds